仿生阻尼材料3D打印研究进展  

Research progress of 3D printing of bionic damping materials

作　　者：尹念 王建平[2] 陈耿彪[1] 易继军[1] YIN Nian;WANG Jianping;CHEN Gengbiao;YI Jijun(School of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Higher Vocational and Technical College,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 200437,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙410114 [2]上海工程技术大学高等职业技术学院,上海200437

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第8期63-75,共13页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52005053);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ30610);长沙理工大学研究生科研创新项目(CSLGCX23046)。

摘　　要：相比于传统的材料制造技术,3D打印技术自下而上的增材制造过程和生物结构的形成过程具有高度的相似性,能够更有效地模仿出生物材料的复杂结构和功能,但目前在技术、材料等方面仍存在一些问题。以应用于制备仿生阻尼材料的不同3D打印技术为切入点,综述了光固化技术、材料挤出技术、材料喷射技术和粉末床熔融技术的工艺特点,总结了打印技术将走向微观尺度的发展趋势,分析了不同打印技术在仿生骨梯度孔隙结构、仿贝壳软硬相堆叠夹层结构、仿蜂窝轻质多孔结构、仿甲壳螺旋夹层结构和仿角蹄空心管层状结构等仿生阻尼材料打印过程中的技术要点与仍需解决的问题,从新材料、新设计、新手段和新途径等方面探讨了仿生阻尼材料3D打印技术的发展趋势。Compared with the traditional material manufacturing technology,the bottom-up additive manufacturing process of 3D printing technology has a high degree of similarity with the formation process of biological structures,which can more effectively mimic the complex structure and functionality of biomaterials.However,there are still some problems in technology and materials.And there is a lack of systematic research review.Based on different 3D printing technologies applied to the preparation of biomimetic damping materials,the technical characteristics of 3D printing technologies such as light curing technology,material extrusion technology,material jetting technology and powder bed fusion technology are reviewed.This paper summarises the development tendency of the 3D printing technology towards the microscopic scale.In this paper,the performance of pore structure,shell-like soft-hard phase stack sandwich structure,honeycomb-like lightweight porous structure,carapace-like spiral sandwich structure,horn-hoof hollow tube layered structure and other biomimetic damping materials are analyzed.The technical points and problems to be solved in the printing process of different printing technologies in the bionic damping materials are analyzed.The development trend of the 3D printing technology of the bionic damping materials is discussed from the aspects of new materials,new design,new means and new ways,so as to provide references for the rapid advancement of the technology.

关 键 词：3D打印 仿生材料 微结构 工艺特点 

分 类 号：TP391.73[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]