黔竹笋期生长特性及配方施肥效应研究  

Effect of Formula Fertilization on Growth Characteristics of Dendrocalamus tsiangii

作　　者：侯贻菊 姚雾清 杨光能 崔迎春 周华 HOU Yiju;YAO Wuqing;YANG Guangneng;CUI Yingchun;ZHOU Hua(Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Libo Observation and Reserch Station for Karst Forest Ecosystem,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Libo 558400,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Maolan Karst Forest,Libo 558400,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵州荔波喀斯特森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,贵州荔波558400 [3]贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州荔波558400

出　　处：《贵州林业科技》2024年第2期19-24,共6页Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y062号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2024〕一般119)。

摘　　要：以贵州特有材用竹种黔竹为研究对象,观测其笋期生长特性,采用正交试验设计L_(10)(3)^(4),对氮磷钾施肥配比进行研究,旨在进一步丰富黔竹生物学特性研究,为科学制定黔竹林施肥管理技术措施提供参考。结果表明:黔竹出笋期可分为初期、盛期和末期,笋高生长过程表现为“慢—快—慢”的规律,笋径生长过程可分为上升期、稳定期和下降期。施肥试验结果表明:3种养分元素中K元素是影响黔竹生长发育的主要因子,施用180 g尿素+30 g过磷化钙+345 g氯化钾可以促进提前出笋、新竹径粗生长,施用255 g尿素+30 g过磷化钙+345 g氯化钾可以增加出笋数量,施用255 g尿素+90 g过磷化钙+345 g氯化钾可以增加成竹数量。竹林经营时可视竹丛径级大小和培育目标酌情调整肥种配比及施肥量。Dendrocalamus tsiangii is one of timber bamboo species native to Southeast Asia.The research object was firstly taken as the Dendrocalamus tsiangii from Guizhou Province,China.An orthogonal design L_(10)(3)^(4) test was then carried out to explore the effect of formula fertilization on its growth characteristics.The fertilization ratio of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)was finally determined to further enrich the biological characteristics of Dendrocalamus tsiangii.The results showed that the shooting period of Dendrocalamus tsiangii was divided into the initial,the peak and the end stage,indicating the trend of"slow-fast-slow"in the height of shoot.Furthermore,the growth of shoot diameter was divided into the rising,the stable and the declining stage.The fertilization experiment showed that the K element was the significant influencing factor on the growth and development of Dendrocalamus tsiangii.The 180 g urea+30 g calcium superphosphate+345 g potassium chloride were applied to promote the early emergence,the growth of diameter,and the number of shoots.The 255 g urea+90 g calcium superphosphate+345 g potassium chloride were applied to increase the number of mature Dendrocalamus tsiangii.Therefore,the proportion of seeds and the amount of fertilizer should be adjusted in the actual forest,according to the diameter of bamboo clump and the cultivation target.The finding can provide a strong reference for the rational configuration of fertilization.

关 键 词：黔竹 生长特性 氮磷钾配方施肥 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]