西周格(霸)姬簋中的立君争讼与“先王之刑”  

The Legal Dispute for Monarch Establishing Seen in the Ge(Ba)Ji Bronze Gui and“Laws of the Former Kings”

作　　者：王沛[1] WANG Pei(Institute for Chinese Ancient Legal Philology,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律古籍整理研究所,上海200042

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期29-38,共10页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“甲、金、简牍法制史料汇纂通考及数据库建设”(20&ZD180);国家社会科学基金项目“新出土资料视野下的早期中国法律成文化问题研究”(20BFX022)。

摘　　要：格(霸)姬簋铭文事关西周霸氏立君之争。格(霸)姬主张其子为君,晋人伸主张其甥为君。王朝贵族鬼、■叔、鼏父、师父、微史共同审讯此案,之后将相关情况陈告伯偯父,伯偯父进行裁决。宣判由史官系统之长尹氏做出,其下属史官告知格(霸)姬。尹氏及其下属保子津在对格(霸)姬的嘉勉礼仪中宣布判决结果,实际是对格(霸)姬及其子合法拥有霸氏首领地位的宣示。格(霸)姬簋铭文显示在审判环节要依据“先王之刑”的做法,将金文中有关遵循“先王之刑”表述的年代提前到了周穆王、周恭王时代。不仅如此,格(霸)姬簋铭文还是目前所见在审判实践中运用“先王之刑”的唯一实例。山西大河口2002号墓地出土的格(霸)姬簋与霸姬盘、盉铭文显示了周穆王时期王朝法权全面扩张的现象,这种扩张包含有立法与司法两个方面,并与周穆王时期的法制变革相关。The inscription of Baji Bronze Gui is related to the dispute for establishing the monarch of the Ba State in the Western Zhou Dynasty.Ge(Ba)Ji claimed that the monarch shall be her son,whilst the Tai Fu(politician)of the Jin State advocated his nephew as the monarch.The nobilities of the Western Zhou Dynasty,Gui(鬼),Yue Shu(■叔),Mi Fu(鼏父),Shi Fu(师父),and Wei Shi(微史),had jointly investigated and examined the case and reported to Bo Yi Fu(伯偯父),who made the ruling.The judgment was made by the head of the official historians(史官),Yinshi(尹氏),and was told to Ge(Ba)Ji by his subordinate.Yin and his subordinate Bao Zijin(保子津)announced the judgment at the etiquette for praising and encouraging Ge(Ba)Ji,which is a declaration that Ge(Ba)Ji and her son legally possess the leadership of Ba State.The inscription of Ge(Ba)Ji Bronze Gui shows that the judicial procedure was based on the laws of the former kings,moving the era of the appearance of the expression“following the laws of the former kings”forward to the King Mu and King Gong.Moreover,it is the only instance of the application of the laws of the former kings in adjudication.The inscriptions of Ge(Ba)Ji Bronze Gui,Ba Ji Pan,and Ba Ji He,unearthed from the Tomb M2002 at Dahekou,Shanxi Province,show the comprehensive expansion of the jurisdiction,which consists of the prescriptive and adjudicatory jurisdiction and is related to the law reform during the reign of King Mu.

关 键 词：格(霸)姬簋 “先王之刑” 君位继承 法制变革 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学]