16—19世纪西伯利亚布哈拉人:移民进程与地位变迁  

The Siberian Bukharans in the 16th—19th Centuries:Migration Processes and States Changes

作　　者：康丽娜 KANG Li-na(Institute of Central Asia,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学中亚研究所,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期61-73,共13页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“全球史视野下中亚近代经济变迁与转型研究(1500—1917)”(23BSS055);中国博士后科学基金第71批面上资助项目“俄国统治期间中亚布哈拉汗国的经济转型研究”(2022M711999)。

摘　　要：在16—18世纪,俄国吞并西伯利亚汗国以后采取鼓励和吸引外来移民政策,加之贸易需求的驱动促使布哈拉人成为移民西伯利亚的主体,同时后者凭借商业优势和宗教文化不断谋求经济社会地位的提升。跨入19世纪,随着中亚地缘政治环境及其与俄国关系发生“剧烈震荡”,布哈拉人向西伯利亚的移民进程呈现出抛物线式的下滑轨迹,西伯利亚布哈拉人的经济地位也随之下降,而相较之下其社会地位相对稳定。这一变迁过程一则反映出布哈拉人为推动西伯利亚社会进步所做的努力,二则勾勒出俄国与中亚交往互动的质变轨迹,三则映射出近代欧亚区域贸易格局的演进趋势。In the 16th and 18th centuries,after the Russian annexation of the Siberian Khanate,Russia adopted a policy of encouraging and attracting immigrants,which,together with the demand for trade,led to the Bukharans becoming the main immigrant to Siberia,and at the same time the latter continued to seek economic and social advancement by virtue of their commercial advantages and religious culture.In the 19th century,with the geopolitical environment of Central Asia and its relationship with Russia experiencing“violent shock”,the migration process of the Bukharans to Siberia showed a parabolic downward trajectory,and the economic status of the Siberian Bukharans also declined,but in contrast,their social status was relatively stable.In sum,this process of change reflects,on the one hand,the efforts of the Bukharans to promote social progress in Siberia,and on the other hand,it outlines the qualitative change in the interaction between Russia and Central Asia,and,on the third hand,it maps out the trend of the evolution of the modern Eurasian regional trade pattern.

关 键 词：俄国 西伯利亚 布哈拉人 贸易特权 中亚移民 

分 类 号：K512.34[历史地理—历史学]