戊型肝炎流行病学特征及疫苗研发进展  

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E and progress in vaccine development

作　　者：周立志[1] 郑明华 李少伟[1] 夏宁邵[1] ZHOU Lizhi;ZHENG Minghua;LI Shaowei;XIA Ningshao(School of Public Health,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共卫生学院,福建厦门361102

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期378-386,共9页Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82302062)。

摘　　要：[背景]戊型肝炎是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)感染导致的急性传染病,是全球重要的公共卫生问题之一,全球每年约2000万人感染HEV.而接种疫苗是预防控制戊型肝炎最有效的途径.2012年由厦门大学联合厦门万泰沧海生物技术有限公司生产的全球首个HEV疫苗益可宁在中国上市,目前陆续已有多种不同类型HEV疫苗进入临床.[进展]本文主要系统梳理近年来国内外HEV的流行病学特征,其中在发展中国家HEV-1和HEV-2为优势基因型,在发达国家以HEV-3为主,少量HEV-4感染.针对HEV的基因组学以及蛋白结构特征进行系统回顾,并对处于临床阶段的两款HEV重组疫苗以及已上市的HEV疫苗益可宁的免疫原设计、临床结果进行系统分析比较.[展望]针对戊型肝炎全球流行暴发情况、HEV作用受体和致病机制、HEV疫苗接种后的卫生经济学效益等相关方向开展深入研究,将为科学防控戊型肝炎以及新一代HEV疫苗的研发提供重要依据.[Background]Hepatitis E(HE),a critical acute infectious disease caused by the HE virus(HEV),casts a long shadow over global public health,with approximately 20 million people falling victim to this infection annually.This staggering incidence highlights the insidious nature of HEV,making it a formidable challenge in the realm of infectious diseases.The deployment of vaccines has emerged as the most efficacious strategy to combat the spread of HE,a fact underscored by the introduction of Hecolin,the world s first HEV vaccine,in 2012.This vaccine,a product of a collaborative endeavor between Xiamen University and Xiamen Wantai Canghai Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,marked a watershed moment in the fight against HE,leading to the subsequent development and clinical evaluation of numerous vaccine candidates targeting this pervasive infection.[Progress]The epidemiological landscape of HEV has witnessed notable shifts in recent years,reflecting a complex interplay of factors influencing its global distribution.In developing nations,genotypes HEV-1 and HEV-2 reign supreme,underscoring the endemic nature of these strains and their association with waterborne transmission routes.This contrasts with the epidemiological profile observed in developed countries,where HEV-3 is the predominant genotype,although HEV-4 is also present,albeit to a lesser extent.Such distinctions are not merely of academic interest but have profound implications for public health strategies and the design of interventions tailored to the unique challenges presented by the varied genotype prevalence.The intricate interaction between the HEV and its human host is governed by a host of genomic and protein structural characteristics intrinsic to HEV.The virus s genome,with its streamlined architecture,encodes a wealth of information critical for viral assembly,replication,and evasion of the host s immune defenses.The structural elucidation of HEV proteins,particularly those implicated in the virus s capsid and attachment machineries,has paved the way for the r

关 键 词：戊型肝炎 戊型肝炎病毒 疫苗 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学]