肠出血性大肠杆菌疫苗的开发和展望  

Development and prospects of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli vaccine

作　　者：王岱[1] 汤岩松 李云鹤 欧阳谭亮 WANG Dai;TANG Yansong;LI Yunhe;OUYANG Tanliang(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,School of Public Health,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共卫生学院,分子疫苗学和分子诊断学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361102

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期387-395,466,共10页Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82272349);福建省自然科学基金(2023J01040);深圳市科技研发基金(JCYJ20220530143409021)。

摘　　要：[背景]肠出血性大肠杆菌(enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli,EHEC)感染是世界范围内重要的公共卫生问题之一,目前还未有针对EHEC的有效预防控制手段.安全有效的疫苗可以提供对EHEC感染的免疫保护.[进展]本文主要介绍EHEC相关疫苗的研发进展及可用于评估各种免疫策略的动物模型.EHEC疫苗开发策略主要针对志贺毒素及黏附相关毒力因子,通过特异性抗原激活机体免疫达到预防控制效果.进而讨论EHEC外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles,OMVs)疫苗的制备方式及其作为多抗原疫苗平台的应用潜力.[展望]对EHEC抗原的筛选以及OMVs疫苗平台的设计,将有助于人们更充分掌握EHEC感染与免疫的分子机制,开发出针对更多血清型的EHEC疫苗.[Background]Enteric infections caused by various pathogenic strains of bacteria are a significant global public health concern.Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli(STEC)stands out as a major contributor to severe infections.The enterohemorrhagic E.coli(EHEC)O157:H7 serotype,initially identified during the 1983 gastrointestinal disease outbreak in Oregon and Michigan,represents the most virulent strain of STEC and currently lacks an effective treatment.The development of safe and efficacious vaccines emerges as a crucial strategy to provide immune protection against EHEC infections.Several vaccine types are currently in development,including attenuated vaccines,recombinant protein vaccines,DNA vaccines,and vaccines targeting outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).Among these,OMVs,naturally produced by the bacteria,exhibit exceptional autoimmunity and antigen-carrying capabilities.They hold promising potential as a vaccine development platform for EHEC infections.In the progression of EHEC OMVs vaccine development,researchers can strategically choose suitable antigens and employ molecular cloning techniques to construct OMVs vaccines featuring specific antigens.Through modifications such as vesicular lipopolysaccharide adjustments and antigen loading,personalized OMVs vaccines tailored to specific immunogenic conditions can be engineered.[Progress]Vaccine development strategies for EHEC generally fall into two primary categories.One approach aims to bind and neutralize the systemic response to Shiga toxin(Stx),thereby mitigating its harmful effects on target tissues.The other focuses on inhibiting EHEC attachment and gastrointestinal colonization by activating mucosal immune defenses.Currently,research on EHEC vaccines has assessed diverse immunization strategies in animal models,including Stx mono-or chimeric antibody-based treatments,typeⅢsecretion system(T3SS)-secreted protein vaccines,recombinant protein vaccines,plant-based vaccines,DNA vaccines,polysaccharide vaccines,epitope vesicle vaccines,and bacterial attenua

关 键 词：肠出血性大肠杆菌 志贺毒素 Ⅲ型分泌系统 外膜囊泡疫苗 

分 类 号：R722.131[医药卫生—儿科]