不同播种量对直播山地油菜农艺性状和产量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Amount on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Direct Planting Mountain Rapeseed

作　　者：凡迪 陈德珍 曾兵[3] 冯文豪 Fan Di;Chen Dezhen;Zeng Bing;Feng Wenhao(Guizhou Provincial Crop Technology Promotion Center,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China;Bozhou District Agricultural Rural Bureau,Zunyi 563100,Guizhou,China;Institute of Oil Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Guiyang 550006,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农作物技术推广总站,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州省遵义市播州区农业农村局,贵州遵义563100 [3]贵州省农业科学院油料研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2024年第3期52-56,68,共6页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：贵州省重大科技成果转化项目(黔科合成果[2022]重点008)。

摘　　要：为在低纬度高原山区综合评价并推广直播油菜最适宜的播种量和种植密度,研究不同播种量对早熟杂交油菜品种‘黔油早2号’产量及经济性状等的影响。结果表明:(1)‘黔油早2号’油菜生育期、成株率、株高、一次分枝数、主花序荚数、主花序长、单株有效荚数、每角粒数等性状均随着播种量的增加呈下降趋势,油菜倒伏率、分枝高随着播种量的增加呈增加趋势;(2)不同播种量的油菜产量构成因子有较大差异,单位面积有效荚数、千粒重、产量随着播量增加呈现先增后减的趋势;(3)‘黔油早2号’在10月中上旬播种,播种量为200 g/667m^(2)时,油菜生长势较强,单位面积有效角果数最高,产量也最高,可达220.99 kg/667m^(2)。本研究通过对早熟油菜品种生育期、倒伏性、冻害、一致性、株高、主花序长、产量构成因子、产量等全性状对比分析,进一步明确了不同种植密度下直播油菜主要性状的变化趋势,明确了低纬度高海拔山区‘黔油早2号’直播的最佳种植密度,该研究结果对于山地生产条件下科学评价和推荐直播油菜最佳种植密度具有现实意义。The paper aims to explore the optimum sowing amount and planting density of rapeseed in direct planting low latitude mountain areas,the effects of different sowing amounts on the yield and economic traits of the early maturing hybrid rapeseed variety‘QianyouzaoNo.2’were studied.The results showed that,(1)The growth period,adult plant rate,plant height,number of primary branches,number of pods in the main inflorescence,length of main inflorescence,number of effective pods per plant,and number of seeds per pod of‘Qianyouzao 2’rapeseed apperaed a decreasing trend,with the increase of planting density,however,the lodging rate and branch height of rapeseed showed an increasing trend.(2)the main agronomic traits were significantly different due to the difference of planting density,the number of effective pods per unit area,thousand seed weight,and yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of sowing rates;(3)The‘Qianyouzao 2’was sown in mid to early October,with a sowing rate of 200 g/667m^(2).The rapeseed showed strong growth potential,the highest number of effective pods per unit area,and the highest yield,reaching 220.99 kg/667m^(2).In this study the growth period,lodging resistance,freezing damage,consistency,plant height,main inflorescence length,yield composition factors,and yield of early maturing rapeseed varieties were compared and analyzed.further clarifying the trend of changes in the main traits of direct seeding rapeseed under different planting densities,and determining the optimal planting density under the direct seeding mode of‘Qianyouzao 2’in low latitude and high altitude mountainous areas.The research results are of practical significance for scientific evaluation and recommendation of the optimal planting density of direct seeding rapeseed under mountainous production conditions.

关 键 词：直播山地油菜 播种量 ‘黔油早2号’ 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]