1977—2021年博斯腾湖大湖区湖岸线动态变化  

Dynamic changes of lake shoreline in the Great Lakes region of Bosten Lake from 1977 to 2021

作　　者：阿迪拉·亚尔买买提 李新国[1,2] Adila Yalmaiti;LI Xinguo(College of Geographic Science and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China;Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Regions of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2024年第2期99-106,共8页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A214);国家自然科学基金项目(32160271)。

摘　　要：湖泊岸线的动态变化可以表征湖泊的变化。以博斯腾湖大湖区为研究区,基于1977—2021年的Landsat遥感影像数据和实测水位资料,利用MNDWI法提取水体信息,运用岸线发育系数与岸线强度,分析研究区岸线动态变化,探讨影响研究区岸线动态变化的主要因素。研究结果表明:1977—2021年研究区岸线变化最明显的区域主要是研究区北岸。1977—1989年北岸岸线向南迁移的最大距离为0.93 km;1989—2003年北岸岸线向北迁移的最大距离为5.12 km;2003—2013年北岸岸线向南迁移的最大距离为5.46 km;2013—2021年北岸岸线向北迁移的最大距离为5.11 km。1977—1989年研究区岸线长度以1.55 km/a的速率逐渐缩短;1989—2002年岸线以16.34 km/a的速率持续增长;2002—2012年岸线以22.67 km/a的速率明显缩短;2012—2021年岸线以14.36 km/a的速率快速增长。年降水量、年均气温以及开都河径流量等自然要素是研究区岸线、水位和水面面积变化的主要自然因素。研究区岸线长度和曲折性受水位和水面面积的影响较为明显,1977—2021年研究区水位、水面面积和岸线长度的变化趋势基本一致。The dynamic changes of lake shoreline can reflect the changes in the lake.Taking Great Lakes region of Bosten Lake as the study area,the modified normalized difference water index(MNDWI)was used to extract water information based on Landsat remote sensing data and measured water level data from 1977 to 2021.Then,the shoreline development index and shoreline strength were used to analyze the dynamic changes of the shoreline,so as to clarify the main influencing factors.The results show that the north shore of the study area experienced the most significant changes from 1977 to 2021.Specifically,the shoreline moved to the south by up to 0.93 km from 1977 to 1989;moved to the north by up to 5.12 km from 1989 to 2003;then moved to the south again by up to 5.46 km from 2003 to 2013;lastly,moved to the north again by up to 5.11 km from 2013 to 2021.In terms of the shoreline length,it decreased gradually at a rate of 1.55 km/a from 1977 to 1989,increased at a rate of 16.34 km/a from 1989 to 2002,then decreased sharply at a rate of 22.67 km/a from 2002 to 2012,and increased again rapidly at a rate of 14.36 km/a from 2012 to 2021.Annual precipitation,annual temperature and runoff of the Kaidu River were the main natural factors affecting the changes of the shoreline,water level and water surface area in the study area.The length and tortuosity of the shoreline in the study area were significantly influenced by the water level and water surface area,and their changes were consistent with the shoreline length from 1977 to 2021.

关 键 词：岸线变化特征 MNDWI指数 岸线发育系数 Landsat数据 博斯腾湖大湖区 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学] TV213[天文地球—地球物理学]