欧盟碳边境调节机制对广东省的影响及应对建议  

Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on Guangdong Province and Response Suggestions

作　　者：范芷蓓 魏婷 熊开容[1] FAN Zhibei;WEI Ting;XIONG Kairong(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China;China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510663,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510006 [2]中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司,广东广州510663

出　　处：《广东电力》2024年第5期52-59,共8页Guangdong Electric Power

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BXW104)。

摘　　要：在全球应对气候变化的新形势下,欧盟立法通过碳边境调节机制(carbon border adjustment mechanism,CBAM),对部分进口碳密集型产品征收碳边境调节费用以解决“碳泄漏”问题。针对这一机制的实施,在全面分析CBAM法案内涵与要求的基础上,对广东省受CBAM影响较大的行业进行CBAM费用量化测算和关键影响分析。结果显示,CBAM的实施对广东省外贸企业竞争力带来显著影响,预计在2034年:钢铁行业由于出口规模大而需要缴纳约13.08亿元的高额碳关税;化肥行业由于产品碳排放密集度过高,需要缴纳的单位质量产品碳关税与出口价格之比预计达到203.95%,将在对欧出口中丧失竞争优势。基于此,广东省应采用加快碳排放核算体系的建设、提升清洁能源供应能力、构建绿色低碳制造体系、提升企业碳管理能力、促进国际交流与合作等具体措施,来削弱欧盟CBAM的不利影响。In the new situation of tackling climate changes all over the world,the European Union(EU)has legislated the carbon border adjustment mechanism(CBAM)to impose carbon border adjustment charges on certain imported carbon-intensive products to solve the problem of carbon leakage.In view of the implementation of this mechanism,on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the connotation and requirements of the CBAM act,the quantitative calculation of CBAM fees and the analysis of key impacts of CBAM are carried out for industries in Guangdong province that are greatly affected by CBAM.The results show that the implementation of CBAM has a significant impact on the competitiveness of Guangdong s foreign trade enterprises.The steel industry needs to pay a high carbon tariff of about 1.308 billion yuan due to the large export scale,and the fertilizer industry is expected to pay 203.95%of the export price due to excessive carbon content in the product,and will lose its competitive advantage in exports to Europe.Based on this,Guangdong province should reduce the adverse impact of the EU s CBAM by accelerating the construction of a carbon emission accounting system,improving clean energy supply capacity,building a green and low-carbon manufacturing system,improving corporate carbon management capabilities,and promoting international exchanges and cooperation.

关 键 词：碳边境调节机制 碳市场 出口贸易 影响评估 碳排放 

分 类 号：TM-9[电气工程] F426[经济管理—产业经济] F74[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X32.012