国家公园生态系统文化服务多元利益主体认知比较——基于实证调查分析  

A comparison of multi-stakeholder cognition of cultural ecosystem services in National park:empirical evidence based on surveys

作　　者：王鹏[1] 李乐 李楠 高志强 何友均[1] 谢和生[1] WANG Peng;LI Le;LI Nan;GAO Zhiqiang;HE Youjun;XIE Hesheng(Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China;Economic Research Institute,International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China;College of Agricultural Science,Xichang University,Xichang 615000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广州510520 [3]国际竹藤中心绿色经济研究所,北京100102 [4]西昌学院农业科学学院,西昌615000

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第10期4217-4230,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52008389)。

摘　　要：探明不同利益主体对生态系统文化服务(CES)的价值认知,对于实现国家公园生态系统的科学管理具有重要理论价值与现实意义。以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例,基于建立的CES评价指标体系,通过1073份有效调查问卷分析,探明居民、管理人员、游客等多元核心利益主体对CES的认知,并在此基础上,利用熵值法与综合模糊评价法对国家公园CES重要性与水平进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)居民和管理人员都对生态改善服务的价值认知最高,具有一定趋同性;而游客则对保健服务认知程度最高(2.44),这与其旅行目的相关。居民、管理人员与游客认知程度最低的CES分别是系统治理(1.89)、民俗文化普及(2.12)、精神崇拜(1.86)服务。(2)在重要性方面,3类主体均认为人文关怀服务>自然体验服务>社会服务,在具体指标层面,居民最看重民俗文化普及服务(0.1355)、管理人员和游客最看重精神崇拜服务。(3)3类主体对CES认知评价排序为管理人员(4.24)>游客(4.11)>居民(3.99),管理人员与居民分别作为重要的政策制定执行者与利益获得者,体现了不同政策参与主体利益需求对CES认知评价的驱动作用。(4)CES认知的权衡关系主要体现在管理人员,居民与游客的CES认知为协同关系。协同性最强的CES是管理人员对于生态改善和艺术灵感服务的认知、权衡性最强的是荒野保护与科普教育服务之间的认知。CES认知与不同主体的内在利益需求和自身认知难易程度有关,研究结果将为国家公园政策制定提供参考。It is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the value cognition of cultural ecosystem services(CES) by different stakeholders for the scientific management of national park ecosystems.Therefore,this study took the system pilot area of Qianjiangyuan National Park as an example and explored the cognition of residents,managers,tourists,and other core interests on CES based on the established CES evaluation index system and 1073 effective questionnaires.Then,the entropy method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to comprehensively evaluate the importance and level of CES in the national park.The results show that:(1) Residents and managers have the highest cognition of the value of ecological improvement services,with a certain convergence.Tourists have the highest cognition of health services(2.44),which is related to the purpose of travel.The CESs with the lowest level of cognition by residents,managers,and tourists include system governance(1.89),folk culture popularization(2.12),and spiritual worship(1.86).(2) The service importance according to the CES cognition by all three types of subjects are ranked in descending order:humanistic care service > nature experience service > social service.Regarding specific indicators,the residents attach the most importance to folk culture popularization service(0.1355),and managers and tourists attach the most importance to spiritual worship service.(3) Regarding the subjects,the evaluation of CES cognition is in the order of managers(4.24) > tourists(4.11) > residents(3.99).Managers and residents act as the important policy makers and benefit recipients,respectively,reflecting the driving role of the interests needs of different policy participants on the evaluation of CES cognition.(4) The tradeoff relationship of CES cognition is mainly reflected in managers.The CES cognition of residents and tourists shows a synergistic relationship.The cognition of managers for ecological improvement and artistic inspiration services shows the st

关 键 词：国家公园 生态系统文化服务 多元利益主体 景观美学 认知 

分 类 号：F41[经济管理—产业经济]