基于分布式水文模型的水源涵养不同功能评估方法——以渭河涵养区为例  

Evaluation method for main functions of water retention based on WEP-L model:a case of water retention area in Wei River

作　　者：王东东 贾仰文[1] 牛存稳[1] 岁姚炳 燕翔 WANG Dongdong;JIA Yangwen;NIU Cunwen;SUI Yaobin;YAN Xiang(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第10期4342-4352,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201105);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52279030,52009140)。

摘　　要：为了实现水源涵养量计算和不同功能的综合评估,基于分布式水文模型(WEP-L)提出了一种新方法,即利用WEP-L模型计算次降水过程中降水量和地表产流、冠层截留量的差值作为水源涵养量,并分别评估削洪(地表径流量)、补枯(地下径流量)、维持植被生态系统用水(植被蒸腾量)等不同水源涵养功能的评估方法。为了验证该方法的合理性,以渭河流域咸阳站以上区域为例,对比了该方法和InVEST模型方法的计算结果,由于两种方法在评估内容和使用模型上都存在差异,为了保证计算结果的可比性,先对比了基于相同评价内容的WEP-L模型法I和InVEST模型方法,再对比了基于不同评价内容的WEP-L模型法I和WEP-L模型法II,结论如下:基于相同评价内容的WEP模型法I和InVEST模型法计算结果数值接近,研究区2000—2018年水源涵养量年均值分别为12.43 mm(5.76亿m~3)和12.08 mm(5.6亿m~3),两种方法所得结果空间分布特征相似,稍有差异之处与InVEST模型的参数没有经过本地化处理有关;基于不同评价内容的WEP-L模型法Ⅰ和WEP-L模型法II计算结果数值相差较大,研究区2000—2018年水源涵养量均值分别为12.43 mm和432.57 mm,空间分布特征上有差异的地方分布于研究区的北部、东部及东北部,主要与两种方法评价时是否考虑蒸散发有关。WEP-L模型法II评估结果中削洪、补枯、维持植被生态系统用水等功能多年变化趋势分别为:2006—2010年期间增加、2012年以后下降以及增加。2012年后补枯功能和维持植被生态系统用水功能之间可能存在权衡关系。通过不同方法计算结果差异原因分析,证明了基于WEP-L模型的不同涵养功能评估方法的合理性,其结果也可为渭河涵养区水资源和生态保护策略的制定提供更多依据。To calculate the quantity and evaluate main functions of water retention services,a new method based on the WEP-L model that calculated the subtraction of precipitation and the surface runoff and canopy interception in the rainfall process as the water retention quantity was proposed,and the main functions of water retention were assessed such as decreasing floods(surface runoff),increasing basic flow(subsurface runoff),and the maintenance of vegetation ecosystems water uses(evapotranspiration).To verify the reasonableness of the new method,the calculation results using the new method and the InVEST method were compared,taking the upstream area of the Xianyang station in the Wei River Basin as an example.Since there are differences between the two methods in terms of assessment contents and application models,to ensure the comparability of calculation results,the results of the WEP-L model method I and the InVEST model method based on the same assessment contents were compared,and then the results of the WEP-L model method I and the WEP-L model method II based on the different assessment contents were compared.The conclusions are as follows:The calculation results of the WEP-L model method I and the InVEST model method were close,and the annual average quantities of the water retention service in the study area from 2000 to 2018 were 12.43 mm and 12.08 mm,respectively.The spatial distribution characteristics of the results using the two methods were basically similar,and the slight difference was influenced by the fact that parameters of the InVEST model have not been processed by the localization process;The results of the WEP-L model method I and the WEP-L model method II differed significantly,and the annual average quantities of the water retention service were 12.43 mm and 432.57 mm,respectively.The difference in the spatial distribution characteristics of the results of the two methods was distributed in the north,east,and northeast of the study area,which were mainly related to whether or not evapotranspir

关 键 词：水源涵养功能 分布式水文模型(WEP-L) InVEST模型 水量平衡原理 渭河 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]