超级马氏体不锈钢冲击韧性的研究进展  

Research progress on impact toughness of supermartensitic stainless steel

作　　者：王国佛 焦帅杰 陈波 韩莹 毕沿苹 王慧源 Wang Guofu;Jiao Shuaijie;Chen Bo;Han Ying;Bi Yanping;Wang Huiyuan(Harbin Well Welding Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150060,China;Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨威尔焊接有限责任公司,哈尔滨150060 [2]中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司,哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《焊接》2024年第5期51-57,共7页Welding & Joining

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发计划(2022ZX01A09),大型冲击式转轮数字化制造技术研究。

摘　　要：超级马氏体不锈钢具有优异的综合性能,在众多工业领域得到广泛的应用。然而,一些现代工程结构朝着大型化方向发展,超级马氏体不锈钢所面临的使用条件更加严苛,提高了对构件冲击韧性的要求。该文专注于论述超级马氏体不锈钢冲击韧性的研究进展,旨在为母材及焊接结构韧性的优化提供参考。首先,综述了N,Nb,Ti,Cu,V等微合金化元素对母材韧性的影响,N,Nb,Ti,V的加入会在组织中形成氮化物、碳化物等析出相而损害材料的冲击性能,添加适量的Cu元素没有形成对韧性有害的析出相,由于其促进了韧化相逆变奥氏体的形成而改善了材料的韧性,其次,从焊接方法与保护气体的选择两个角度总结了不同焊接工艺下超级马氏体不锈钢焊缝的韧性水平,现有MAG焊接工艺下水轮机转轮焊接接头的冲击韧性低于母材,制约了水电行业的进一步发展,最后,指出对微合金化技术的深入研究及焊接工艺和热处理工艺的优化是推动超级马氏体不锈钢应用的重要方向。Supermartensitic stainless steel has been widely used in many industrial fields for its excellent comprehensive properties.However,with the development of some modern engineering structures in the direction of large-scale,service conditions are more severe for supermartensitic stainless steel,which increases requirements for impact toughness of its components.In this paper,research progress of impact toughness of supermartensitic stainless steel was focused on,aiming to provide reference for optimization of toughness of base metal and welded structures.Firstly,effects of microalloying elements such as N,Nb,Ti,Cu and V on toughness of base metal was introduced.Addition of N,Nb,Ti,V could form precipitates such as nitrides and carbides in microstructure,which damaged impact properties of the material.Addition of appropriate Cu element did not form precipitates that was harmful to toughness,but toughness of the material was improved because it promoted formation of toughening phase reversed austenite.Secondly,toughness level of supermartensitic stainless steel weld under different welding processes was summarized from two perspectives of welding method and shielding gas.Impact toughness of welded joints of turbine runner with the existing MAG welding process was lower than that of base metal,which restricted further development of hydropower industry.Finally,it was pointed out that in-depth study of microalloying technology and optimization of welding process and heat treatment process were important directions to promote application of supermartensitic stainless steel.

关 键 词：超级马氏体不锈钢 冲击韧性 逆变奥氏体 微合金化 焊接工艺 

分 类 号：TG407[金属学及工艺—焊接]