杭州湾及其邻近海域夏季营养盐污染与富营养化评价  

Assessment of nutrient pollution and eutrophication in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in summer

作　　者：李赛赛 裴绍峰[2,3,4] 赵俐红 朱志强 廖名稳 段云莹 LI Saisai;PEI Shaofeng;ZHAO Lihong;ZHU Zhiqiang;LIAO Mingwen;DUAN Yunying(College of Earth Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;Laboratory of Ecological Geology and Climate Change,Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,Qingdao 266237,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeology,China Geological Survey,Qingdao 266237,China;Laboratory for Marine Geology,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,青岛266590 [2]青岛海洋地质研究所生态地质与气候变化实验室,青岛266237 [3]中国地质调查局滨海湿地生物地质重点实验室,青岛266237 [4]青岛海洋科技中心海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋地质前沿》2024年第6期39-52,共14页Marine Geology Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42376203、41306175);中国科学院海洋地质与环境重点实验室开放基金(MGE2021KG12);崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202204400);中国地质调查局项目(DD20221724)

摘　　要：基于2022年夏季对杭州湾及其邻近海域的生态环境调查数据,采用单因子污染指数法、营养盐结构和限制性分析与富营养化状态指数法分别对该区表层营养盐和有机污染特征进行系统研究,对其富营养化状况进行系统评价,并通过Pearson相关性统计分析初步探讨了营养盐污染对浮游植物生长的影响以及水域富营养化的控制因素。结果表明,该区氮(N)、磷(P)污染较为严重,溶解无机氮(DIN)和溶解无机磷(DIP)含量超过国家第Ⅲ类海水水质标准的站位数量占比分别为55%和80%;海水表层N/P和Si/P比值失衡,分别有20%和5%的站位水体浮游植物生长存在P和Si潜在限制。调查区叶绿素a(Chla)含量主要受水体透明度的影响,呈现东部高于西部、湾外高于湾内的空间分布特征;其中,湾外东部水域Chla含量较高,表明藻类细胞密度较大,存在暴发赤潮的风险。化学耗氧量(COD)的调查结果表明,该区总体有机污染并不显著,95%的站位符合国家第Ⅲ类水质标准。富营养化评价结果表明,该区90%的站位处于富营养化状态,其中40%的站位为重度富营养化;富营养化因子对E值的贡献排序为COD>DIN>DIP。初步研究表明,杭州湾及其邻近海域存在N、P营养盐污染,水体的富营养化问题值得关注并有待开展后续研究。Based on the ecological environment survey data of Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in summer 2022,by using the single factor pollution index method,nutrient structure and limitation analysis,and eutrophica-tion status index method,the characteristics of surface nutrient and organic pollution in the bay were systematic-ally studied,and the eutrophication status was evaluated.Through the Pearson correlation statistical analysis,the impact of nutrient pollution on the growth of phytoplankton and the control factors of eutrophication in water bod-ies were preliminarily explored.Results indicate that the pollution of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)nutrients in the region was relatively severe.55%and 80%of the stations in which dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)and dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)content exceeded China's national Class III seawater quality benchmarks,respectively.The N/P and Si/P ratios of surface seawater were imbalanced,and 20%and 5%of the stations showed potential limitations of P and Si on the growth of phytoplankton,respectively The chlorophyll a(Chl a)content was mainly affected by the transparency of the water body,showing a spatial distribution characteristic:higher in the east than in the west,and higher outside the bay than inside the bay.The Chl a content in the eastern waters outside the bay was relatively high,indicating a high density of algae cells and a risk of red tide outbreaks.The survey results of chemical oxygen demand(COD)indicate that the overall organic pollution in the area is not significant,and 95%of the stations could meet China’s national ClassⅢwater quality benchmarks.Results of the eutrophication assessment indicate that 90%of the stations in the area were in eutrophication state(40%were severely eutrophicated).The order of contribution to the eutrophication was COD>DIN>DIP.Preliminary stud-ies have shown that N and P nutrient pollution still exists in the Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters,and the eu-trophication of water bodies deserves attention and further r

关 键 词：杭州湾 营养盐 富营养化 浮游植物 影响因素 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学] P736[天文地球—海洋科学]