美欧外资数据安全审查的特点、影响与我国因应  

The Characteristics and Impacts of Foreign Investment Data Security Review in the United States and Europe, and China's Response

作　　者：郑淑凤 ZHENG Shufeng(East China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学知识产权学院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2024年第5期87-96,共10页Intertrade

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“全球知识产权治理面临的主要挑战和中国方案研究”(23ZDA124)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来,美国、欧洲在外资安全审查中新增数据安全审查,评估外商投资中潜在的数据收集和跨境流动安全风险,形成对数字贸易的事实约束。外资数据安全审查的引入,受数字时代安全防范升级和数据资源竞争驱动,具有介入时间的前置性与可追溯性、对象标准的针对性与模糊性、法律后果的自裁决性等特点。其对我国开展对美欧投资、发展数字贸易、对接美欧数据跨境规则带来不同影响。我国有必要在国内完善政府获取企业数据的规则,补充投资辅助机制,在战略层面调整我国对美欧数字投资的定位;在国际上推进贸易协定中限制原则的落实和数据保护互认机制的发展,探索针对数字贸易规则问题的沟通方案,为我国数字企业走出去提供良好环境。In recent years,the United States and Europe added data security review to their foreign investment security screening to examine the risks of potential data collection and cross-border data transfers in foreign invest-ments,forming a de facto constraint on digital trade.The construction of foreign investment data security review is driven by data security upgrading and data resource competition in the digital era.It has the characteristics of early-intervention and traceability in the intervention stage,pertinence and ambiguity in the object standards,and self-determination in the legal consequences.Such construction also impacts Chinese investments in the United States and Europe,the development of digital trade,and the cooperation on cross-border data transfers with the United States and Europe.At the domestic level,China should improve the rules on government access to corporate data,establish investment assistance mechanisms,and strategically adjust the positioning of digital investments in the United States and Europe.At the international level,China should promote the implementation of restriction principles in current trade agreements,develop the mutual recognition mechanism of data protection,explore communication solutions on digital trade rules issues,and provide a good environment for Chinese digital enterprises to go global.

关 键 词：外资数据安全审查 数据安全 数据跨境流动 数字贸易 绿地投资 非歧视原则 

分 类 号：F83[经济管理—金融学]