煤矿复垦区博落回生物量及其分配特征对氮的响应  

Response of Macleaya cordata biomass and its distribution characteristics to nitrogen in the reclamation area of a coal mine

作　　者：马嘉丽 郝嘉湉 张永清 马星星 MA Jiali;HAO Jiatian;ZHANG Yongqing;MA Xingxing(College of Geographical Science,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第5期1039-1047,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0404);国家自然科学基金(42201071);山西省应用基础研究计划(201801D221048);山西省自然科学研究面上项目(202203021221127);山西省研究生教育创新项目(2022Y475);山西师范大学研究生科研创新项目(2023XSY053)。

摘　　要：为探究博落回(Macleaya cordata)在不同施氮梯度下各生育期生物量及总生物量分配的动态变化规律,设置5个施氮水平:CK(0 kg·hm^(−2))、N_(1)(75 kg·hm^(−2))、N_(2)(150 kg·hm^(−2))、N_(3)(225 kg·hm^(−2))、N_(4)(300 kg·hm^(−2)),从2020年起开展为期两年的连续施氮试验,揭示博落回在贫瘠土壤中的生长适应特征。结果表明:1)N_(3)、N_(4)各时期博落回的冠生物量、根系生物量和总生物量均显著高于CK、N_(1)和N_(2)(P<0.05)。2)博落回的根冠比在不同年份有差异,第1年所有处理的根冠比在6月最低,分别为0.04、0.12、0.09、0.15和0.16,第2年在8月最低,分别为0.20、0.18、0.08、0.06和0.10;2021年6月和8月,CK的根冠比都高于其他处理。3)2020年10月N_(3)的茎叶比显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),其他处理的茎叶比各月份间差异不大;2021年各处理间茎叶比随恢复时间逐渐增加,在11月达到最大,分别为2.82、1.19、1.23、1.89和2.05。综上所述,建议对煤矿复垦区博落回施加225~300 kg·hm^(−2)的氮,以此来促进博落回在贫瘠土壤中的快速定植,本研究可以为缺氮土壤中博落回的生长适应性研究提供理论依据。To study dynamic changes in biomass and total biomass allocation of Macleaya cordata at different growth stages and nitrogen application gradients,a two-year continuous nitrogen application experiment was conducted from 2020,and the growth adaptation characteristics of M.cordata in poor soil were revealed.Five nitrogen application levels were set up:CK(0 kg·ha^(−1)),N_(1)(75 kg·ha^(−1)),N_(2)(150 kg·ha^(−1)),N_(3)(225 kg·ha^(−1)),and N_(4)(300 kg·ha^(−1)).The results were as follows:1)The shoot biomass,root biomass,and total biomass of M.cordata were significantly higher than those of CK,N_(1),and N_(2)(P<0.05).2)The root-shoot ratio of M.cordata varied in different years.The root-shoot ratio of all treatments in the first year were the lowest in June(0.04,0.12,0.09,0.15,and 0.16)and the lowest in August in the second year(0.20,0.18,0.08,0.06,and 0.10)in June and August 2021,and the root-shoot ratio of CK were higher than those of other treatments.3)In 2020,the stem-leaf ratio of N_(3)was significantly higher than that of other treatments in October(P<0.05).The stem-leaf ratio of other treatments had no significant difference between months.The stem-leaf ratio of 2021 treatments increased gradually with the recovery time and peaked in November(2.82,1.19,1.23,1.89,and 2.05).In conclusion,225~300 kg·ha^(−1)should be applied to M.cordata in coal mine reclamation areas to promote rapid colonization of M.cordata in poor soil.This study may provide a theoretical basis for the study of growth adaptability of M.cordata in nitrogen-deficient soil.

关 键 词：氮添加 博落回 根系 根冠比 茎叶比 生物量 先锋植物 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]