山黧豆还田与氮肥减施对稻田土壤活性有机碳组分及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Lathyrus sativus return to the field and nitrogen rate reduction on paddy soil labile organic carbon and soil enzyme activities

作　　者：全紫曼 漆燕 周泽弘 莫坤 韩文斌 梁琴 QUAN Ziman;QI Yan;ZHOU Zehong;MO Kun;HAN Wenbin;LIANG Qin(Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院,四川南充637000

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第5期1057-1067,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700200);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-22);四川省南充市科技计划项目(21YFZJ0044);四川省南充市科技计划项目(22JCYJPT0028)。

摘　　要：为探明绿肥山黧豆(Lathyrus sativus)还田配施氮肥在改良土壤方面的效应,明确合适的绿肥配施氮肥比例,设置2×4双因素试验,研究绿肥的不同翻压量[15000(M_(1))、22500(M_(2))、30000(M_(3))、37500(M_(4))kg·hm^(−2)]和氮肥的不同施氮量[常规施氮量的60%(N_(1))和80%(N_(2))配比]对土壤活性有机碳库各组分、碳库管理指数和酶活性等指标的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥(CF)处理相比,翻压一定量的绿肥并配施减量氮肥能有效提升稻田总有机碳、活性有机碳、可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳含量及碳库管理指数,提升效果随配施比例的不同存在差异,其中M_(4)N_(1)、M_(4)N_(2)处理提升效果最佳。在相同施氮水平下,有机碳各组分含量、碳库管理指数及总体酶活性均呈现出随翻压量增加而增加的趋势。与CF处理相比,翻压绿肥并配施氮肥对稻田土壤过氧化氢酶无显著影响(P>0.05),对纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和β-葡萄糖甘酶活性均具有显著影响(P<0.05)。总体酶活性均表现为M_(4)N_(2)>M_(4)N_(1)>M_(3)N_(1)>M_(3)N_(2)>M_(2)N_(1)>M_(2)N_(2)>M_(1)N_(1)>M_(1)N_(2)>CF>CK处理。各有机碳组分之间具有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的相关性,β-葡萄糖甘酶、纤维素酶与土壤活性有机碳各组分均呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。对土壤活性有机碳组分含量及土壤酶活性影响因素的灰色关联度综合分析结果表明,60%氮肥+37500 kg·hm^(−2)绿肥模式的综合评价效果最好。In this study,we aimed at exploring how returning Lathyrus sativus green manure to the field with nitrogen fertilizer affects soil improvement as well as determining the appropriate proportion of green manure with nitrogen fertilizer,2×4.We performed two-factor experiments,comprising two nitrogen application[60%(N_(1))and 80%(N_(2))of conventional]and four green manure turnover[15000(M_(1)),22500(M_(2)),30000(M_(3)),and 37500(M_(4))kg·ha^(−1)]rates,respectively.We studied how the ratio of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer affects soil active organic carbon pool components,carbon pool management index,and enzyme activity.Our results demonstrated that compared with conventional fertilization(CF),green manure and a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively improve the total organic,active organic,soluble organic,and microbial biomass carbon contents as well as the carbon pool management index of rice fields.Moreover,this improvement effect differed fertilization proportion-dependently,with M_(4)N_(1) and M_(4)N_(2) treatments yielding the best improvement effects.At the same nitrogen application level,the organic carbon component content,carbon pool management index,and overall enzyme activity displayed an increasing trend with a turning over amount increase.Compared with the CF treatment,turning green manure and applying nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly affect soil catalase in the paddy fields,but significantly affected the cellulase and invertaseβ-Glucomannase activities.The overall enzyme activity showed upon M_(4)N_(2)>M_(4)N_(1)>M_(3)N_(1)>M_(3)N_(2)>M_(2)N_(1)>M_(2)N_(2)>M_(1)N_(1)>M_(1)N_(2)>CF>CK treatment.We observed a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between organic carbon components,except for catalase,sucraseβ-Glucomannase,and cellulase were positively correlated with active organic carbon in the soil.We comprehensively analyzed the grey correlation degree of the soil active organic carbon content and soil enzyme activity-influencing factors and de

关 键 词：稻田 绿肥 山黧豆 施氮 土壤活性有机碳 土壤酶活性 碳库管理指数 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]