内蒙古半干旱冷凉地区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播生产性能及营养价值评价  

Comprehensive evaluation of the productivity and quality of Avena sativa and Vicia sativa mixed sowing in semiarid and cold regions in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：张春林[1] 南金生 秦海英 安江红[1,2] 徐振朋 韩冰 ZHANG Chunlin;NAN Jinsheng;QIN Haiying;AN Jianghong;XU Zhenpeng;HAN Bing(College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Key Lab of Germplasm Innovation and Utlization of Triticeae Crop at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,Inner Mongolia,China;Ulanqab Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Ulanqab 012000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院/麦类种质创新利用自治区高等学校重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]乌兰察布市农林科学研究所,内蒙古乌兰察布012000

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第5期1189-1200,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0047);内蒙古乌兰察布市科技项目(602021CG204);内蒙古农业大学学院创新团队建设项目(TD202103)。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜内蒙古半干旱冷凉地区燕麦(Avena sativa)与箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)最佳混播组合、比例和刈割期,本研究以燕麦‘蒙饲燕1号’(‘Mengsiyan 1’)、‘蒙饲燕2号’(‘Mengsiyan 2’)、‘青引1号’(‘Qing yin1’)分别和箭筈豌豆混播为研究对象,对不同混播组合和比例的饲草在不同刈割期生产性能、营养品质及土壤养分等指标进行测定分析与综合评价。结果表明:1)不同混播能够显著提高箭筈豌豆的株高、鲜重和干重(P <0.05);以燕麦150 kg·hm^(−2)和箭筈豌豆75 kg·hm^(−2)单播量配比的‘蒙饲燕1号’+箭筈豌豆混播(3:1)在乳熟期、‘蒙饲燕2号’+箭筈豌豆混播(1:1)在乳熟末期干草产量最高;‘青引1号’+箭筈豌豆混播在各刈割期干草产量均低于同期燕麦单播产量。2)不同混播处理粗蛋白含量较燕麦单播基本呈增加趋势,粗蛋白含量从抽穗期、乳熟期到乳熟末期逐渐降低;水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量均在乳熟末期达到最高;不同混播组合在1:3的比例下酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量均最低。3)燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播能够显著提高土壤有机质和速效氮含量。通过隶属函数法对混播饲草产量与营养品质进行综合评价,各混播组合中‘蒙饲燕1号’+箭筈豌豆混播(1:3)、‘蒙饲燕2号’+箭筈豌豆混播(1:1)和‘青引1号’+箭筈豌豆混播(1:3)分别在乳熟末期刈割隶属综合评价值较高,其中‘蒙饲燕1号’+箭筈豌豆混播(1:3)最佳(0.70)。This study aimed to explore the best combination,proportion,and harvest time of Avena nuda‘Mengsiyan 1’,A.sativa‘Mengsiyan 2’,and A.sativa‘Qing yin 1’+Vicia sativa in semiarid and cold regions in Inner Mongolia.The forage yield,nutritional quality,and soil nutrient of A.sativa and Vicia sativa were analyzed and compared based on the average values of their subordinate function at different harvest times.The results were as follows:1)the plant height,fresh weight,and dry weight of V.sativa increased significantly after sowing treatment;according to the unicast ratio of oat 150 kg·ha^(−1) and Vicia sativa 75 kg·ha^(−1),the hay yield of A.nuda‘Mengsiyan 1’+V.sativa mixed sowing(3꞉1)was highest at the milk stage,while the hay yield of A.sativa‘Mengsiyan 2’+V.sativa mixed sowing(1꞉1)was highest at the late milk stage;the hay yield of A.sativa‘Qing yin 1’+V.sativa mixed sowing was lower than that of A.sativa unicast at the same harvest time;2)the crude protein content after the different mixed sowing treatments was higher than A.sativa unicast,and decreased gradually from the heading stage to the late milk stage;the contents of water soluble carbohydrates(WSC)was highest at the late milk stage;the contents of acid detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)in different mixed sowing combinations were lowest at a ratio of(1꞉3);3)the contents of soil organic matter and available nitrogen were significantly increased among the mixed sowing of A.sativa and V.sativa.The yield and nutritional quality of A.nuda‘Mengsiyan 1’+V.sativa(1꞉3),A.sativa‘Mengsiyan 2’+V.sativa(1꞉1),and A.sativa‘Qing yin 1’+V.sativa(1꞉3)showed a high comprehensive evaluation based on the membership function method in the late milk stage.A.nuda‘Mengsiyan 1’+V.sativa(1꞉3)showed the best multivariate performance score of 0.70.

关 键 词：混播组合 混播比例 刈割期 产量 品质 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]