高寒草地牧草生长季放牧强度对藏系绵羊体增重的影响  

Effect of different grazing intensities during the different stages of alpine grassland growth on the body weight gain of Tibetan sheep

作　　者：冯斌 杨晓霞 刘文亭 张艳芬 刘玉祯 杨增增 孙彩彩 吕卫东 董全民[1,2,3] FENG Bin;YANG Xiaoxia;LIU Wenting;ZHANG Yanfen;LIU Yuzhen;YANG Zengzeng;SUN Caicai;LYU Weidong;DONG Quanmin(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three-River-Source,Ministry of Education/Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Center,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室/青海大学,青海西宁810016 [4]榆林市畜牧兽医服务中心,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第5期1232-1240,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U20A2007)。

摘　　要：为探讨牧草生长季不同生长时期和放牧强度对藏羊体增重的影响,以藏系绵羊为研究对象,基于不同放牧强度在高寒草地开展了重度(每公顷5.13个羊单位)、中度(每公顷3.92个羊单位)和轻度(每公顷3.03个羊单位)的藏羊放牧试验。结果表明:1)不同年际间受环境影响,藏羊日增重存在差异,不同年际当中藏羊日增重为牧草返青期和生长期高于牧草枯黄期,且在牧草枯黄期藏羊日增重存在负增长的现象,线性回归分析结果表明藏羊日增重和牧草生长时期存在斜率为显著负相关(y=0.3088−0.1107x)的直线关系;2)牧草生长季不同放牧强度下藏羊个体日增重、暖季增重、单位草地面积增重无显著差异(P>0.05),但各年际当中藏羊暖季增重均为中度高于轻度和重度,单位草地面积增重均为轻度低于中度和重度。综上所述,不同放牧强度利用高寒草地暖季放牧场,藏羊体增重从牧草返青期到生长期再到枯黄期逐渐降低,以家畜生产为主兼顾草地的合理利用,高寒草地以中度放牧利用为宜。The present study investigated the effects of different pasture growth periods and grazing intensities during the various stages of pasture growth on body weight gain of Tibetan sheep.Grazing experiments using the Tibetan sheep were conducted as heavy(5.13 sheep units·ha^(−1)),moderate(3.92 sheep units·ha^(−1)),and light(3.03 sheep units·ha^(−1))grazing.The results indicated that:1)Differences in daily weight gain of Tibetan sheep over the years were influenced by the environment.The daily weight gain of Tibetan sheep during the rejuvenation and growth periods of the pasture were higher than that during the period when withering of grass occurred(P<0.05).Linear regression analysis results confirmed a linear relationship with negative slope(y=0.3088−0.1107x)indicating a significant correlation between daily weight gain of Tibetan sheep and stage of pasture growth.2)Different grazing intensities showed nonsignificant impact on daily weight gain,average individual weight gain in warm season,and weight gain per unit of grassland area of the Tibetan sheep.However,the average individual weight gain of Tibetan sheep during the warm season in each year was higher upon moderate grazing than upon light and heavy grazing.The weight gain of Tibetan sheep calculated per unit of grassland area was found to be slightly lower in the light grazing group than in the moderate and heavy grazing groups.In summary,the body weight gain of Tibetan sheep during the warm season in the alpine grasslands gradually decreased from the pasture rejuvenation period to the growth period followed by the withering period,irrespective of the grazing intensities employed.Moderate grazing intensity is suggested as a relatively suitable approach for the primary objective of livestock production along with a concurrent consideration of the sustainable use of grasslands.

关 键 词：牧草生长季 放牧强度 藏羊 日增重 单位草地面积增重 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]