数字技能与工作普惠机制探索  

Digital Skills and Work Inclusiveness Mechanism Exploration

作　　者：李铮 蒋谦 邱泽奇[1,2,3] LI Zheng;JIANG Qian;QIU Zeqi(Department of Sociology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Center for China Society and Development Studies,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Center for Digital Governance Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871 [2]北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心,北京100871 [3]北京大学数字治理研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期133-144,共12页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZAA143)。

摘　　要：数字技术应用深刻地改变着人类社会。学界对于数字技术影响劳动者的讨论,可分为数字技术应用导致劳动者“去技能化”和劳动者“再技能化”两类观点。从学界的争论出发,将劳动者数字技能转变视作数字技术影响的表现,通过引入“工作普惠”概念,使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2014—2020年数据,分析劳动者数字技能水平与其工作获得、工作收入和工作自主性之间的关系。研究发现,数字技能的普及缩小了数字鸿沟。掌握数字技能有助于劳动者获得工作和更多的工作收入,并提高其工作自主性,实现工作普惠。此外,数字技能也使工作更具包容性,有利于弱势劳动者群体融入主流工作体系。同时,揭示了不同类型数字技能对实现工作普惠的不同作用,娱乐和购物情景的数字技能在数字时代发挥更大作用,为揭示数字时代劳动的特征和劳动者提升自身竞争力的方式提供了参考。The application of digital technology has profoundly changed human society and has had a significant impact on labor work.The application of digital technology has given rise to a number of new types of work related to digital technology,and has also made traditional types of occupations face the challenge of digital transformation.When academics discuss the impact of digital technology applications on occupational labor from the perspective of workers’skills,there are problems such as limiting the discussion to specific groups and measuring workers’digital skills too singularly.Therefore,this paper proposes the concept of“work inclusivenes”,which attempts to identify the impact of the popularization of digital skills in the labor field from the perspective of workers’access to work and inequality among groups of workers.In this paper,we use data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)from 2014 to 2020,and adopt the entropy method to calculate the weights of the data related to the frequency and subjective importance of different types of digital activities performed by individuals,so as to generate a variable reflecting the overall level of digital skills of workers.It is used as a independent variable to analyze its impact on workers’job acquisition and labor autonomy,and its deep realization mechanism is discussed from the perspective of specific types of digital skills.The study finds that the application of digital technology lowers the threshold of learning digital skills,thus promoting the popularization of digital skills;the mastery of digital skills facilitates workers’access to jobs and improves their income and autonomy,and also helps traditionally disadvantaged groups of workers participate in the mainstream work system,i.e.,the popularization of digital skills gradually realizes work inclusivenes.This process also implies the activation of the role of digital skills in entertainment and shopping scenarios in today’s occupational fields,and allows urban and rural workers to enjoy the

关 键 词：数字技能 工作普惠 数字技术变革 工作平等 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] G249.2[文化科学]