个人征信机构自动化决策的风险识别与区分规制  

Regulation of Automated Decision-making by Personal Credit Reporting Agencies:Risk Identification and Differentiation

作　　者：张雨 Zhang Yu(School of Credit Risk Management,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学信用风险管理学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《征信》2024年第5期22-30,共9页Credit Reference

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金一般项目(22YBA077)。

摘　　要：个人征信机构运用自动化决策提供信用信息查询、信用评价与信用反欺诈产品或服务,可能因传导不实信息、复现社会偏见与歧视、弱化人类决策个性化空间等对人的权益产生风险。通过对个人征信机构自动化决策应用场景进行分析发现,信用信息查询类产品可引发“算法黑箱”风险,信用评价类和信用反欺诈类产品可同时引发“算法黑箱”“算法歧视”等风险。我国现有法律衍生出个体赋权机制、透明度义务机制和第三方主体外部监督机制,以应对自动化决策引发的各类风险,但单一的规制机制较难解决个人征信机构自动化决策的风险规制难题。对个人征信机构自动化决策的风险进行规制,需要综合考量规制对象、规制目的和规制实效,并以个人征信数据处理关系为分析背景,建构公私法规制机制相衔接的立体化风险规制框架。The personal credit reporting agencies use automated decision-making techniques to provide credit services or products,such as credit information inquiries,credit evaluations,and credit anti-fraud,which may pose risks to people’s rights and interests,due to the transmission of false information,the reproduction of social prejudices and discrimination,and the weakening of the personalized space for human decision-making.The analysis of the application scenarios of automated decision-making by individual credit reporting agencies shows that credit information inquiry products can cause the risk of“algorithm black-box”,and credit evaluation and credit anti-fraud products can cause risks such as“algorithm black-box”and“algorithm discrimination”at the same time.China’s existing legal systems have derived three kinds of regulatory mechanisms,namely individual empowerment mechanism,transparency obligation mechanism,and external supervision mechanism for third-party entities to deal with various risks caused by automated decision-making.But it is difficult for a single regulatory mechanism to solve all problems.To regulate the risk caused by automated decision-making of personal credit reporting agencies,it is necessary to take comprehensive consideration into the object,purpose and effectiveness of regulation,and construct a three-dimensional risk regulatory framework connecting public-private legal regulatory systems,based on the analysis of the processing relationship concerning personal credit reporting data.

关 键 词：个人征信机构 自动化决策 风险识别 风险规制框架 

分 类 号：F832.39[经济管理—金融学]