《民法典》背景下个人信息保护的司法考察与制度完善  

Judicial Investigation and System Improvement of Personal Information Protection under the Background of“Civil Code”

作　　者：沃耘[1] 乔鹏飞 Wo Yun;Qiao Pengfei(School of Law,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学法学院,天津市300134

出　　处：《征信》2024年第5期31-42,共12页Credit Reference

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BTQ016)。

摘　　要：大数据时代,为充分保障个人的信息安全,我国相继施行的《民法典》《个人信息保护法》对此作出了较为全面的规定。考察相关规则的司法适用,发现我国个人信息保护存在个人信息与隐私权界定不清、损害赔偿威慑作用不足、公益诉讼制度效用未充分发挥、“知情—同意”标准不一且流于形式等问题。为解决上述问题,可通过构建可识别的场景化模式界定个人信息,引入情境脉络完整性理论判定隐私,审慎引入惩罚性赔偿,明晰个人信息保护公益诉讼的适用条件,构建“国家—行业—平台”三层规则体系实现实质同意,全面保护个人信息。In the era of big data,in order to fully protect personal information security,China has successively implemented the“Civil Code”and the“Personal Information Protection Law”,which have made relatively comprehensive provisions.Examining the judicial application of relevant rules,it is found that there are some problems in the protection of personal information,such as the unclear definition of personal information and privacy rights,the unclear relationship between private information and sensitive information,the insufficient deterrent effect of compensation for damage,the insufficient effectiveness of the public interest litigation system,and the inconsistent and superficial“informed-consent”standard.To solve the above problems,we can define personal information through a discernible contextualized model,determine privacy by introducing Contextual Integrity Theory,carefully introduce punitive compensation,clarify the applicable conditions of public interest litigation for personal information protection,and build a three-level rule system of“country-industry-platform”to achieve substantial consent,so as to comprehensively protect personal information.

关 键 词：个人信息保护 隐私权 惩罚性赔偿 “知情—同意” 《民法典》 

分 类 号：F832.4[经济管理—金融学] D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]