基于农机手心理负荷试验的小型拖拉机操纵台人机界面优化  

Optimization of Human-machine Interface for Small Tractor Control Console Based on Psychological Load Test of Agricultural Machinery Operators

作　　者：余俊学 薛占坡 郑坤 史嘉宇 张诚 杨晓 YU Junxue;XUE Zhanpo;ZHENG Kun;SHI Jiayu;ZHANG Cheng;YANG Xiao(College of Engineering,China agricultural university,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment,Luoyang 471039,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室,河南洛阳471039

出　　处：《拖拉机与农用运输车》2024年第3期22-28,66,共8页Tractor & Farm Transporter

基　　金：智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室开放课题(SKLIAPE2023007)。

摘　　要：针对小型拖拉机山地作业时,拖拉机操纵台人因工程设计不足可导致驾驶员心理负荷大、易发生误操作的问题,对拖拉机操纵台进行人机工程学试验优化,提高拖拉机操纵舒适性、减轻机手在复杂工况下的心理负荷。首先利用心理负荷主观测量方法开展人机半物理心理试验,然后建立驾驶员心理负荷主成分模型,再运用人机工程学理论分析优化方法,最后开展拖拉机操纵台优化设计试验验证。结果表明,驾驶员头部与颈部的生理负荷较大,并导致作业心理负荷增长;操纵台经过优化后可显著减小44.80%的作业心理负荷。In response to the problem that insufficient engineering design on the tractor control panel can lead to high psychological burden and easy misoperation of drivers when small tractors are working in mountainous areas,ergonomic experiments are conducted to optimize the tractor control panel to improve the comfort of tractor operation and reduce the psychological burden of operators in complex working conditions.Firstly,the subjective measurement method of psychological load is used to conduct human-machine semi physical psychological experiments.Then,a principal component model of driver psychological load is established.Then,the optimization method is analyzed using the theory of human-machine engineering.Finally,an experimental verification of tractor control panel optimization design is carried out.The results indicate that the physiological load on the driver's head and neck is relatively high,leading to an increase in psychological load during work;after optimization,the control panel can significantly reduce 44.80%of the psychological load on homework.

关 键 词：小型拖拉机 人机操纵台 心理负荷 主成分分析 人因工程学优化 

分 类 号：S220.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]