高放废物处置缓冲材料砌块养护方法研究  

Curing method of compacted buffer blocks in high-level radioactive waste repository

作　　者：马利科[1,2] 曹胜飞 谢敬礼[1,2] 张奇 成建峰[1,2] 彭立园 MA Like;CAO Shengfei;XIE Jingli;ZHANG Qi;CHENG Jianfeng;PENG Liyuan(Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,China;CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业北京地质研究院,北京100029 [2]国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心,北京100029

出　　处：《世界核地质科学》2024年第3期595-603,共9页World Nuclear Geoscience

基　　金：中国国家原子能机构核设施退役及放射性废物治理项目(编号:科工二司[2020]194号)资助。

摘　　要：在高放废物地质处置库中,作为阻滞核素迁移的关键环节,缓冲材料通常以高压实砌块形式放置于废物罐周围。为了保证砌块的工程性能,缓冲材料砌块在制备、储存、运输和安装等各阶段均应进行环境湿度控制,以减少环境湿度对砌块性能的劣化影响。以高庙子膨润土压实试样为研究对象,开展了裸样、覆膜、覆膜+密封等不同包装方式,在0~100%相对湿度环境下的长期养护性能测试。试验结果表明:针对含水率介于13%~15%之间的膨润土压实试样,当环境湿度在80%~92%养护时,试样的质量变化均不超过1%;其中在92%的环境湿度下,试样的质量变化不超过0.3%,为最优养护环境。采用覆膜+密封包装方式,可大幅拓宽环境湿度范围,试样在不同相对湿度下的质量变化大幅减少,当相对湿度超过57%后,试样的质量变化比均不超过1%。其中在相对湿度为92%的养护环境下,试样的质量变化比最小,仅为0.032%。研究结果可为解决米级尺度高放废物地质处置缓冲材料大型砌块长期存储这一难题提供基础参数和技术支撑。In the high-level radioactive waste geological disposal repository,the canisters are usually surrounded by the buffer material in the form of compacted blocks,which is the key link to block nuclide migration.In order to ensure the engineering performance of the block,the surrounding environment should be controlled at all stages of manufacture,storage,transportation and installation to reduce the deterioration of buffer blocks.The long-term curing performance test of compacted Gao-miao-zi(GMZ)bentonite samples with different packaging methods,such as bare samples,film covering,film covering&sealing were carried out under the relative humidity of 0~100%.The test results indicate that the mass change ratio of the samples with water content 13%~15%was less than 1%when the environmental humidity is 80%~92%.Among them,the mass change ratio of the samples was not more than 0.3%under the relative humidity of 92%,which was the best curing environment.The method using film covering and sealed packaging can greatly expand the range of relative humidity.The mass change of the samples under different relative humidity were greatly reduced.When the relative humidity exceeds 57%,the mass change ratio of samples does not exceed 1%,and the minimum mass change ratio occurs under the relative humidity of 92%,which was only 0.032%.The research results of this paper can provide basic parameters and technical support for the longterm storage of meter-scale large buffer blocks.

关 键 词：缓冲材料 压实砌块 包装方式 养护 相对湿度 

分 类 号：TU443[建筑科学—岩土工程]