市售生物可降解塑料袋的降解行为研究  

Study on degradation behavior of commercially available biodegradable plastic bags

作　　者：李莹 赵华珍 易春旺[1] LI Ying;ZHAO Huazhen;YI Chunwang(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学化学化工学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2024年第3期33-41,共9页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：选择市场上使用最广泛的由纯聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二酯(PBAT)、淀粉(St)质量分数20%和30%的PBAT/聚乳酸(PLA)/St制备的生物可降解塑料袋为研究对象,分别考察了几种塑料袋在空气、水、酸碱溶液,以及自然土壤和有机土壤中的长期降解行为。结果表明:由纯PBAT和PBAT/PLA/St制备的生物可降解塑料袋在空气、水、酸碱溶液,以及自然土壤和有机土壤中经历54周的降解后力学性能下降较快,但仍具有较高的相对分子质量,并未呈现预期的优异生物可降解性;碱性环境相对于酸性环境更有利于生物可降解塑料袋的碎裂和降解;生物可降解塑料袋中组分St含量越高,相同降解周期下塑料袋出现的孔洞越多,相对分子质量下降越多;由纯PBAT制备的生物可降解塑料袋在酸性环境下有利于细菌的生长,但对降解作用有限。The most widely used poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT)/polylactic acid(PLA)/starch(St)biodegradable plastic bags in the market with the mass fractions of PBAT and St of 20%and 30%,respectively,were selected as the research objects to investigate their long-term degradation behavior in air,water,acid-base solutions,natural soil and organic soil.The results showed that the biodegradable plastic bags prepared from pure PBAT and PBAT/PLA/St showed a rapid decrease in mechanical properties after 54 weeks of degradation in air,water,acid-base solutions,natural soil,and organic soil,but still had high relative molecular mass and did not exhibit the expected excellent biodegradability;alkaline environments were more conducive to the fragmentation and degradation of biodegradable plastic bags as compared to acidic environments;the higher the content of St component was in biodegradable plastic bags,the more pores appeared in the plastic bags under the same degradation cycles and the greater the relative molecular mass decreased;and biodegradable plastic bags prepared from pure PBAT were beneficial to bacterial growth in acidic environments,but their degradation effect was limited.

关 键 词：生物可降解塑料袋 聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二酯 淀粉 聚乳酸 降解行为 

分 类 号：TQ340.9[化学工程—化纤工业]