基于MaxEnt探究栖息地质量对百灵科鸟类分布影响  

Using MaxEnt to explore the impact of habitat quality on the distribution of lark birds

作　　者：田刘翔宇 张立世[2] 姚纪元[2] 王利民[2] TIAN Liu-xiang-yu;ZHANG Li-shi;YAO Ji-yuan;WANG Li-min(College of Life Sciences,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学生命科学学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期106-116,共11页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31872684).

摘　　要：采用固定半径样点法对内蒙古中东部的赤峰、通辽和锡林郭勒盟部分地区草原生境的百灵科鸟类分布与栖息地质量的关系进行了调查,运用MaxEnt软件对分布数据和代表栖息地质量的环境变量进行了分析.结果表明:3年调查共记录到5属5种百灵科鸟类.从宏观上看,云雀、蒙古百灵和短趾百灵在研究区的适宜分布区高度相似,都倾向于分布在海拔较低、地势平缓、降水丰富的栖息地,在典型草原和草甸草原都有分布.角百灵只出现在乌拉盖草原,即分布于典型草原.凤头百灵在乌拉盖草原没有分布,只分布于草甸草原.所有百灵科鸟类都倾向于生存在水域附近,适宜栖息地较干旱的角百灵更是如此,说明水源是百灵科鸟类生存的关键因素.角百灵之外的其他百灵科鸟类在道路边都有较多分布,与物种分布的边缘效应有关,同时过往车辆可能也会给百灵科鸟类带来食物.因此,建议加强对道路边百灵科鸟类的重点保护和对百灵科鸟类高适宜生境水源的保护.The fixed-radius sampling method was used to investigate the relationship between the distribution and habitat quality of birds in grassland habitats in Chifeng,Tongliao and Xilingol League in east-central Inner Mongolia,and a total of five genera and five species of lark birds were recorded in the three-year survey.MaxEnt software was used to analyze the distribution data and environmental variables representing habitat quality.Macroscopically,larks,Mongolian larks and short-toed larks were highly similar in their suitable distribution areas in the study area,and all tended to be distributed in habitats with low elevation,gentle terrain,and rich precipitation,and in both typical grasslands and meadow grasslands.The horned larkspur was found only in prairie Ulgai,i.e.,only in typical grassland.Crested larkspur,on the other hand,was not distributed at all in the prairie Ulgai,but only in the meadow grassland.When analyzing the individual environmental factor,it was found that all lark birds tended to live near water,and this was especially true for the horned larkspur,which had a more arid suitable habitat,suggesting that water is a key factor for the survival of lark birds.The fact that all lark birds except the horned lark had a high distribution along the roadside may be related to the edge effect of species distribution,and passing vehicles may bring food to Lepidoptera.Therefore,it is recommended to strengthen the priority protection of roadside larks and the protection of water sources of highly suitable habitats for lark birds.

关 键 词：百灵科鸟类 环境因子 MaxEnt模型 适生区 

分 类 号：Q959.739[生物学—动物学]