黄芩斑枯病病原菌生物学特性及室内药剂筛选  

Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen Causing Septoria Leaf Spot of Scutellaria baicalensis and Screening of Fungicides

作　　者：刘燕敏 王蓉[1] 丁万隆[1] 李勇[1] LIU Yan-min;WANG Rong;DING Wan-ong;LI Yong(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2024年第5期823-829,共7页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501502);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-032)。

摘　　要：目的:明确黄芩斑枯病病原菌多主棒孢Corynespora cassiicola的生物学特性,筛选高效安全的杀菌剂,科学防治黄芩斑枯病。方法:通过菌落生长速率法评价碳源、氮源、温度、培养基、pH、光照对多主棒孢菌落生长的影响,以及5种杀菌剂对病原菌的室内毒力。结果:多主棒孢最适生长条件为胡萝卜培养基外源添加可溶性淀粉和蔗糖作为碳源、蛋白胨作为氮源、pH为6、温度为30℃。菌丝致死条件为51℃处理10 min,孢子致死条件为54℃处理10 min。98%多菌灵对多主棒孢的毒力最强,半数效应浓度(EC50)为0.07 mg·L^(-1);其次是98%咯菌腈、98%咪鲜胺和98%吡唑醚菌酯,EC50分别为0.10、0.18、3.06 mg·L^(-1);98%嘧菌酯对多主棒孢的毒力最弱,EC50为632.39 mg·L^(-1)。结论:黄芩斑枯病病原菌适生范围较广,在多种碳源、氮源、培养基及pH条件下均可生长,在中性偏弱酸、较高温条件下生长速度较快。多菌灵和咯菌腈对多主棒孢表现出较强的抑制作用,可考虑将其用于黄芩斑枯病的田间防治。Objective:To study the biological characteristics of Corynespora cassiicola,the pathogen causing Septoria leaf spot of Scutellaria baicalensis and screen the agents for efficient control of this disease in the cultivation and production of S.baicalensis.Methods:The influences of carbon and nitrogen sources,culture medium,temperature,pH,and lighting conditions on C.cassiicola and the toxicities of five commercial fungicides against C.cassiicola were examined by the mycelial growth rate method.Results:The optimal growth conditions for C.cassiicola were the carrot medium supplemented with soluble starch and sucrose as carbon sources and peptone as the nitrogen source at pH value of 6 and temperature of 30℃.The lethal treatments for the mycelia and spores were 51℃for 10 min and 54℃for 10 min,respectively.The toxicity of the five fungicides against C.cassiicola followed the descending order of 98%carbendazim,98%fludioxonil,98%prochloraz,98%pyraclostrobin,and 98%azoxystrobin with the median effect concentrations(EC50)of 0.07 mg·L^(-1),0.10,0.18,3.06,and 632.39 mg·L^(-1),respectively.Conclusions:C.cassiicola can survive under a wide range of conditions.It could grow with a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources,culture media,and pH conditions and demonstrated rapid growth in neutral to weak acid environment and at high temperatures.Carbendazim and fludioxonil showed strong inhibitory effects on C.cassiicola and can be used for controlling Septoria leaf spot of S.baicalensis in the field.

关 键 词：黄芩 斑枯病 多主棒孢 生物学特性 药剂筛选 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]