论刑法中的数据:概念、文本与实践  

On Data in Criminal Law:Concept,Text and Practice

作　　者：赖早兴[1] LAI Zaoxing

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第6期64-82,共19页Political Science and Law

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目“企业数据安全管理刑事合规研究”(项目编号:23A0119)的研究成果。

摘　　要：数字、数据和信息是信息社会的基本概念。在刑法中,数据的定义和范畴决定着刑法对数据保护的范围与力度。在传统意义上,数据与数字紧密相连,但计算机语言的出现使数据部分脱离数字;大量信息以数据方式呈现,但信息只是数据的表现形式之一,数据还包括功能性的程序指令。刑法文本中有显性数据和隐性数据,隐性数据易于被忽视。在司法实践中出现了裁判者泛化数据概念、忽视数据价值、抹杀数据属性差异和同化数据信息等不合理现象。应当在刑法中明确数据概念的基础上,以数据的价值评价侵害数据行为的社会危害性,基于数据的国家秘密、财产、知识产权等属性认定侵害数据行为的性质,明确信息在部分罪名中的独立性,实现刑法对数据权益的保护和对侵害数据行为的打击。Digit,data,and information are the basic concepts of the information society.In criminal law,the definition and scope of data determine the scope and depth of data protection by criminal law.In the traditional sense,data and digit are closely related,but the advent of computer language has partially detached data from digit;a large amount of information is also presented in the form of data,but information is only one of the manifestations of data,and data also includes functional program instruction.There are explicit and implicit data in the text of the Criminal Law,and implicit data are easily overlooked.In judicial practice,there are unreasonable phenomena such as judges’generalizing the concept of data,ignoring the value of data,erasing the differences in data attributes,and assimilating data information.It is advisable,on the basis of clarifying the concept of data in the Criminal Law,to assess the social harmfulness of data infringement in terms of the value of data,and to determine the nature of data infringement based on the attributes of data such as state secret,property,and intellectual property right,and to make clear the independence of information in some offenses,so as to realize the protection of data rights and interests and the crackdown on da ta infringement by the Criminal Law.

关 键 词：数字 数据 信息 刑法文本 司法实践 

分 类 号：DF626[政治法律—刑法学]