国土安全部在美国国家安全体制中的角色和作用  

The Role and Function of the Department of Homeland Security in the US National Security System

作　　者：戴长征[1] 刘欣林 孔雀 Dai Changzheng;Liu Xinlin;Kong Que

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院 [2]中国工商银行业务研发中心

出　　处：《美国研究》2024年第2期57-78,M0004,M0005,共24页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大课题;教育部重点研究基地重大课题;北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重大课题的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：美国国家安全体制在维护美国国家安全方面发挥了重要作用。在经历了近70年的发展变迁后,美国国家安全体制逐渐形成了如今成熟的决策系统、情报咨询系统和执行系统。2001年“9·11”事件前,美国国家安全体制存在一定隐患,而且在历任总统的调整和改革后也未能得到解决。“9·11”事件爆发后,催生了国土安全部。国土安全部在成立和发展的过程中,组织结构日益完善,预算水平不断提高,监察绩效机制渐趋成熟,现已成为美国国家安全体制中重要的组成部分。国土安全部的成立在一定程度上弥补了美国国家安全体制中长期存在的缺陷。在当下运行的美国国家安全体制中,国土安全部不仅是决策系统中的参与者,情报咨询系统中的协调和沟通者,也在恐怖主义防控、灾害应急、边境安全和网络安全政策执行中发挥了不可替代的作用,是国家安全体制中最重要的决策执行者。The national security system of the United States has been pivotal in safeguarding the country's security.Over the course of nearly 70 years,the national security system has developed into a mature framework that encompasses decision-making,intelligence consultation,and execution.However,despite reforms implemented by successive presidential administrations,the national security system had long-standing vulnerabilities that were not addressed prior to the 2001"9/11 attacks".The occurrence of these attacks highlighted the urgent need to enhance homeland security,which led to the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security(DHS).Since its inception,the DHS has made significant progress in refining its organizational structure,increasing its budget,and improving its oversight and performance mechanisms.As a result,it has become a vital component of the national security system of the United States.This research indicates that the establishment of the DHS has,to some extent,addressed the longstanding flaws in the national security system.In its current role,the DHS not only participates in policy decision-making,but also serves as a central coordinating and disseminating entity in the intelligence consultation sys-tem.Moreover,its indispensable contributions to counterterrorism efforts,disaster management,border security,and the enforcement of cybersecurity policies have established it as a crucial executor of national security decisions.

关 键 词：美国政治 政府 国土安全部 国家安全体制 决策参与者 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]