“数字福特”与“数字后福特”——共同富裕视野下数字生产组织结构的再选择  

"Digital Fordism"and"Digital Post-Fordism":Revisiting the Choice of Organizational Structure of Digital Production with the Vision of Common Prosperity

作　　者：贾开 Jia Kai(School of Public Administration,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China;China Institute for Urban Governance,Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学公共管理学院 [2]上海交通大学中国城市治理研究院

出　　处：《开放时代》2023年第5期31-48,M0003,M0004,共20页Open Times

基　　金：科技创新2030——“新一代人工智能”重大课题(项目编号:2022ZD0116201)成果;清华大学产业发展与环境治理研究中心资助项目“人工智能算法影响评价体系构建与应用实践”成果。

摘　　要：数字化转型过程中的社会分化问题日益凸显,成为各国政治与公共政策的关注焦点,但导致社会分化的原因并不局限于数字技术变革本身,生产组织结构的异质性同样是不可忽视的重要因素。继承“福特主义-后福特主义”的分析框架,本文基于劳动过程管理、治理范式、社会化三个层面的分析,提出了“数字福特主义”和“数字后福特主义”的新概念。数字福特主义具体体现为福特制2.0、技术答案主义与“经济人”假设的计算化三者的结合,而数字后福特主义则以开源软件的产权与组织、可计算性争论与实验主义治理、“社会人”和“政治人”假设作为新基础。当前数字化转型更多体现了数字福特主义的特点,并因而出现了数字所有者、管理者与数字劳动者之间的分化问题,为实质性推动以共同富裕为目标的未来改革,应更加重视数字后福特主义作为“另一条道路”的改革价值与潜力。Social differentiation in the process of digital transformation has become increasingly the focus of political and public policies in various countries.However,the causes for social differentiation are not limited to the change of digital technology itself.The heterogeneity of the organizational structure of production is also an important factor that should not be overlooked.Following the existing analytic framework of"Fordism and post-Fordism",this paper produces the new concepts of"digital Fordism"and"digital post-Fordism"through analysis on the three dimensions,namely,labor process management,governance paradigm,and socialization.Digital Fordism is embodied in the combination of Fordism 2.0,predominant technical solution,and the computability of the"economic man"hypothesis,whereas digital post-Fordism is represented by the property rights and orga-nization of open source software, the computability debate and experimentalist governance, and the hypothesesof ""social man" and "political man" as the new foundation. Considering that the current digital transformation ismore in congruence with the characteristics of digital Fordism, which has led to the differentiation between digitalowners, managers and digital workers, we should now pay more attention to the value and potentials of digitalpost-Fordim as an alternative path in order to substantially promote common prosperity as the goal of futurereform.

关 键 词：数字化 福特主义 后福特主义 共同富裕 数字治理 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F126