时间的因果性和同时性——中国西南景颇人打卦实践中的时间结构、生命经验和物质依托  

Causality and Synchronicity in Time:Temporal Structure,Life Experience,and Materiality of Jingpo's Divination Practice in Southwest China

作　　者：张文义 Zhang Wenyi(School of Sociology&Anthropology,Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学社会学与人类学学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2023年第5期192-208,M0008,M0009,共19页Open Times

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“西南亚热带雨林生态和居民疾病谱共变机制的绿色发展研究”(项目编号:22BMZ160)资助。

摘　　要：基于认知科学的记忆研究,人类学和社会学对社会机制的研究,以及物理学对宇宙起源的研究,人们认识到时间的同时性和因果性。这也是中国西南景颇人打卦实践的社会认知逻辑。打卦是一套解释方式,触及地方宇宙的因果规则,从而预测未知,这让卦师将时间经历为客体(因果性)。打卦也是一种诠释方案,接纳个体差异以及世界流变衍生的偶然,达成个体与世界的相互映照(同时性),从而卦师视时间为主体(同时性)。结合时间的因果性和同时性,卦师在打卦中实现了解释(宇宙规则)和诠释(个体情境)之间的转化,从而看到求卦者身上的过去、未来。理解打卦,不能只从概念出发,更需要在实践中转化身体经验和物质媒介。Drawing on the studies of memory in the cognitive sciences,social dynamics in the social sciences,and universe evolution in physics,the present study examines synchronicity and causality in time associated with the Jingpo ethnic group's divination practices in Southwest China.On the one hand,divination as a form of explanation integrates the rules of the universe for prophetic prediction,by which the diviner experiences time as an object(following causality);on the other hand,divination as a form of interpretation takes into consideration individual diversities and is well attuned to the local social-cultural contexts,through which the diviner himself mirrors(i.e.,synchronizes)the universe of the divination seeker and so treats time as a subject.Via combining causality and synchronicity in time,the diviner realizes the bi-directional transformation between explanation(of the universe)and interpretation(of individual/contextual diversities),thereby catching a glimpse of the past and future of the divination seeker. To fully understand the Jingpo divination practices thus requires not only conceptualunderstandingbut also embodied experience.

关 键 词：打卦 时间 同时性 因果性 景颇人 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]