不同炭化条件制备油茶果壳生物质炭的理化性质比较研究  

Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Camellia Oleifera Shell Biochar Prepared under Different Carbonization Conditions

作　　者：侯建伟 邢存芳 杨莉琳 杨枣童 罗应 HOU Jian-wei;XING Cun-fang;YANG Li-lin;YANG Zao-tong;LUO Ying(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning/Guizhou Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region,TongrenUniversity,Tongren 554300,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031 [2]铜仁学院,农林工程与规划学院/贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,铜仁554300

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第2期383-390,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般556,黔科合基础[2019]1312);铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研[2021]32号);铜仁学院2021年硕士点及学科建设研究子项目(trxyxwdxm-025)资助。

摘　　要：[目的]比较不同炭化条件制备的油茶果壳生物质炭的理化性质,为生物质炭的制取和应用提供参考依据。[方法]在不同炭化温度(T:400℃、500℃和600℃)、恒温时间(t:2 h、4 h和6 h)和升温速率(v:150℃h^(-1))条件下将油茶果壳制成了9种生物质炭,借鉴材料科学的方法,研究其热失重特征、形貌结构、表面官能团种类和有机组分含量等内容。[结果]随着炭化温度的升高,纤维素、半纤维素和木质素组分相继分解,600℃以后进入热失重稳定阶段。400℃→600℃升温炭化过程中,油茶果壳生物质炭的氮气吸附-脱附等温线由IV型转为Ⅲ型;400℃时,中孔丰富,总孔容积0.00309~0.00351 cm g^(-1);500℃和600℃时,大孔丰富,平均总孔容积分别为0.00352 cm g^(-1)和0.00390 cm g^(-1)。随着炭化温度的升高和恒温时间的延长,C=O和C-O-C消失,-OH、-CH_(2)、C=C、C=O、O-H和Si-O-Si的伸缩振动峰逐渐缩窄;同时由于C=O、-OH、C-O-C等基团的逐渐分解或重组导致油茶果壳生物质炭中H、O元素减少,C元素富集,H/C、O/C和(N+O)/C也明显降低。[结论]油茶果壳炭化过程是芳香性增强,亲水性和极性减弱的富C脱挥发分过程。炭化温度是影响油茶果壳生物质炭C、H、O、N元素含量、微观特征、氮气吸附-脱附等温线构型的主要因素,而恒温时间是影响油茶果壳生物质炭孔径分布的主要因素。其中,T_(400)t_(4)V_(150)处理的微孔、中孔和大孔结构在体系中大量分布,尤其是中孔结构最为丰富且孔径分布范围更窄。[Objective] A comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties of camellia oleifera shell biochar prepared under different carbonization conditions was carried out to provide a reference basis for the production and application of biochar.[Method]Nine types of biochar were made from camellia oleifera shell at different carbonization temperatures(T:400℃,500℃ and 600℃),constant temperatures(t:2 h,4 h and 6 h)and heating rate(v:150℃h^(-1))to study their heat loss characteristics,morphological structure,surface functional group species and organic component content,drawing on material science methods.[Result]With the increase of carbonization temperature,the cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin components were decomposed successively,and the thermal weight loss stabilization stage was entered after 600℃.400℃→600℃ during the warming up charring process,the nitrogen adsorptiondesorption isotherm of camellia oleifera shell biochar was changed from type IV to type III.The mesopores were abundant at 400℃,and the total pore volume was 0.00309-0.00351 cm g.The macropores were abundant at 500℃and 600℃,and the average total pore volumes were 0.00352 cm g'and 0.00390 cm g^(-1).The-CH_(2),C-C,C=O,O-H and Si-O-Si stretching vibrational peaks were gradually narrowed.Meanwhile,the gradual decomposition or reorganisation of C=O,-OH and C-O-C groups leads to the reduction of H and O elements and the enrichment of C elements in the camellia oleifera shell biochar,and the H/C,O/C and(N+O)/C were also significantly reduced.[Conclusion]The charring process of camellia oleifera shell is a C-rich devolatilisation process with enhanced aromaticity and reduced hydrophilicity and polarity.The charring temperature is the main factor affecting the C,H,O and N elemental contents,microscopic characteristics and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm configuration of camellia oleifera shell biochar,while the constant temperature time is the main factor affecting the pore size distribution of oil tea fruit shell biochar.

关 键 词：油茶果壳生物质炭 热重分析 微观特征 孔隙结构 有机组分 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]