反对民间文学艺术作品著作权保护的理由  

Arguments against Copyright Protection for Folk Literature and Art Works

作　　者：施爱东[1,2] SHI Aidong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学文学院,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《民俗研究》2024年第3期40-54,158,共16页Folklore Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“民间故事创编机制研究”(项目编号:23AZW026)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民间文艺保护缘起于发展中国家与发达国家的知识产权博弈,是国际政治斗争的产物。中国率先实施该项保护可能存在巨大的政治风险:一是国际社会的民间文艺保护只施用于“土著”,这是以承认弱势族群和文化歧视为前提的,中国实施该项保护与国情不符、与宪法相悖;二是民间文艺保护不适用于多民族国家,会对民族关系造成严重破坏;三是著作权法具有地域性,无权对境外的侵权行为行使司法管辖权,只有在所有成员国同步立法的基础上才有意义;四是民间文艺本属公有领域,当作私有财产加以保护既破坏社会公平原则,也损害公众利益。中国如果非要对民间文艺实施私法保护,建议以精神权利保护为主,暂不对经济权利做出规定。Copyright protection for folk literature and art works is an ongoing controversial topic,originated from the intellectual property rights game between developing and developed countries.There are huge political risks for China to take the lead in implementing this protection.First,the protection for folk literature and art in the international community is based on the premise of recognizing the disadvantaged ethnic groups and cultural discrimination,which is not in line with China's realities,the ethnic policy,and Constitution of China.Second,the protection of folk literature and art is not applicable to multi-ethnic countries,and the protection measures originated from international struggle will cause serious damages to China's ethnic relations.Third,the copyright law is territorial,which is only meaningful on the basis of synchronized legislation of all member states.Fourth,folk literature and art belong to the public domain,and once they are protected as private property,they will undermine the principle of social fairness and harm the interests of the public.At present,the focus of the World Intellectual Property Organization on the protection of folk literature and art is concentrated on preventing misuse and distortion,etc.If China insists on implementing law protection for folk literature and art,it is recommended to focus on the protection of spiritual rights,and not to make provisions for economic rights for the time being.

关 键 词：政府间委员会 传统文化表现形式 民族关系 国际政治 著作权法 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]