传染病防疫中的专家参与和美国卫生防疫治理的专业化  

Expert Participation and Specialization of Epidemic Prevention in the United States

作　　者：赵航[1] ZHAO Hang(Research Center For The History of Modern World,Nankai University,Tianjin,330350)

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,天津330350

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2024年第4期7-14,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“传染病与美国早期防疫公共卫生体制的奠基”(项目编号:22JJD770038)。

摘　　要：19世纪50年代,美国南部传染病横行,卫生防疫并成为亟待解决的社会问题。为了遏制黄热病流行,路易斯安那州的政府与医生群体展开合作,建立了一个有效的传染病治理模式。1856-1860年,美国医学界召开全国卫生和检疫会议,来完善传染病防疫的专业理论,推动了卫生知识的理论沿革。内战时期,医生群体在战争中实践了会议的专业理论,改革了联邦军队的卫生体系,同时推动了医学卫生知识的社会普及。19世纪后半期,医生群体开始广泛进入政府卫生机构,参与卫生治理工作。医生的“专业性”也开始得到社会的广泛承认。至此,美国公共卫生治理的专业化程度显著提高。In the 1850s,infectious diseases were rampant in the southern United States,epidemic prevention became a pressing social issue.To curb the yellow fever epidemic,the Louisiana government worked with the doctor group to establish an effective model of infectious disease management.1856-1860,American medical community convened a national sanitary and quarantine conference to refine the professional theory of infectious disease prevention and epidemic control,advancing the theoretical evolution of sanitary knowledge.In the second half of the 19th century,the physician community began to participate in government health agencies and governance.The"professionalism"of physicians began to be widely recognized by society.By this time,the professionalization of public health governance in the United States had increased significantly.

关 键 词：黄热病 公共卫生 专家参与 医学专业化 

分 类 号：TU993[建筑科学—市政工程] R18[医药卫生—流行病学]