湖北省建制镇污水收集处理现状及经验教训  

Present Situation and Lessons of Sewage Collection and Treatment in Towns of Hubei Province

作　　者：尤鑫 吴瑜红 李卿 王怡帆 YOU Xin;WU Yu-hong;LI Qing;WANG Yi-fan(Central and Southem China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2024年第8期11-16,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部2021课题(12020210198建村〔2021〕14号)。

摘　　要：目前,国家对建制镇污水处理水平提出了更高要求,因此,加快补齐污水处理短板、提升建制镇污水处理能力迫在眉睫。调研分析发现,湖北省小规模及大规模污水厂(站)数量占比较小,中等规模的污水厂站占比较大,以县(区、市)为单位,工艺较为集中,约80%的污水厂采用活性污泥法+深度处理工艺,活性污泥法中约76%采用A^(2)/O工艺,较多厂站采用传统的钢筋混凝土建设形式;吨水平均建设费用为1.18万元,管网平均建设费用为212.68万元/km;吨水平均处理成本为2.21元,主支管网年均运维成本为1.4万元/km。经梳理发现,湖北省建制镇污水系统存在污水厂水量水质不稳定、建设资金需持续投入、可持续运行及管理不规范、绩效管理有待加强、项目手续审批难等风险及问题,并从高位推动、压实责任、务实规划设计、执行厂网建管一体模式、实行全程监管、按效付费、多元化资金来源、探索市场化运行机制等方面总结了污水系统建设的经验教训,以期为其他省市建制镇污水收集处理提供借鉴。At present,the country has put forward higher requirements for the sewage treatment level of towns,so it is urgent to accelerate the completion of the shortcomings in sewage treatment and improve the sewage treatment capacity of towns.Based on investigation and analysis,Hubei Province has a small proportion of both small-scale and large-scale sewage treatment plants(stations),with a larger proportion of medium-scale sewage treatment plants(stations).The process is relatively centralized by taking the county(district and city)as the unit.About 80%of the sewage treatment plants adopt activated sludge process+advanced treatment process,with approximately 76%of activated sludge process adopting A^(2)/O process.Furthermore,many sewage treatment plants and stations utilize the form of traditional reinforced concrete.The average construction cost is 11800 yuan/m^(3),and the average construction cost of pipe network is 2126800 yuan/km.Additionally,the average treatment cost of sewage treatment plant is 2.21 yuan/m^(3),and the average annual operation and maintenance cost of main and branch pipe network is 14000 yuan/km.Through analysis it was found the sewage system faces the risks and issues related to unstable influent quantity and quality of sewage treatment plants,continuous investment of construction funds,sustainable operation,non-standard management,the need for strengthened performance management,and difficulty in obtaining project approval.Additionally,this paper summarized the experiences and lessons learned from high-level promotion,reinforced responsibility,pragmatic planning and design,the implementation of an integrated mode of sewage treatment plant and network construction and management,whole process supervision,efficiency-based payment,diverse capital sources,and exploration of market-oriented operation mechanisms,in order to provide valuable insights for sewage collection and treatment in other provinces and cities in China.

关 键 词：建制镇 污水收集处理 经验教训 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]