解放战争时期华东野战军伤病员的抢救、转运与治疗  

The Rescue,Evacuation and Treatment of the wounded and sick of the East China Field Army in the War of Liberation

作　　者：于慧铎 Yu Huiduo

机构地区：[1]中共北京市委党校党史党建部

出　　处：《军事历史》2024年第2期84-95,M0004,共13页Military History

摘　　要：解放战争时期,随着大规模作战方式的普遍应用,华东野战军中的伤病员数量开始急剧增长。为提高伤病员的救治效率,降低战伤对部队战斗力的损害,华东野战军建立起由连到纵队、由前方到后方的完整治疗工作体系。在前方,华东野战军提出“及时包扎,人人包扎”的口号,发挥自救互救的效用,在分级救治的基础上,合理分配各组织的工作与任务。在具体治疗时,则根据“先急后缓,先重后轻”的原则,使伤员在最佳的时间内得到最有效的治疗。为使救护工作得以正常运行,伤员的转运工作成为实现伤员从火线到后方获得救治的重要纽带,更是一体化救护系统保持上下互动的必不可少的环节。此外,伤员归队工作也因战争的需要而被纳入到救护工作中来,不仅发挥着鼓舞与巩固部队情绪的积极作用,也是保证部队战斗力得以持续稳固的不容忽视的因素。In the War of Liberation,the East China Field Army had a sharp increase in the number of the wounded and sick due to frequent large-scale operations.In response,a complete medical system was established from companies to columns and from the front to the rear,in order to enhance the efficiency of treatment and mitigate damages to combat effectiveness.In the front,the Army put forward the slogan of"Bandage should be in time,and everyone can bandage"to promote self-rescue and peer rescue.and the work and tasks of each organization can be reasonably distributed on the basis of triage.In practice,the principle of"prioritizing acute or heavy cases over chronic or light ones"make the wounded have the most effective treatment in the optimal time.To ensure the rescue operations,the evacuation of the wounded had become the key stage to move the wounded from the fire line to the rear for treatment,and it is also an essential link to maintain the interaction between the upper and lower levels of the integrated rescue system.In addition,the return of the wounded to the unit after recovery was also included in the rescue work to meet the needs of the war.Their return not only boosted and consolidated the morale,but also sustained and stabilized the combat effectiveness of the troops.

关 键 词：华东野战军 伤病员 抢救 转运 归队 

分 类 号：R2-09[医药卫生—中医学]