栽培羊肚菌培养菌丝生长的形态特征  

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE MYCELIAL GROWTH OF CULTIVATED MORCHELLA

作　　者：田瀚吉 高晓杰[2] 余建平 余梅[3] 陈群[4] 陈辉 杜军华[2] TIAN Han-ji(Yunnan Normal University,Kunming Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学,云南昆明650500 [2]青海师范大学,青海西宁810016 [3]安徽农业大学,安徽合肥230036 [4]合肥学院,安徽合肥230601 [5]农业部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室国家食用菌工程技术研究中心上海农业科学院食用菌研究所,上海奉贤201403

出　　处：《青海草业》2024年第1期15-22,共8页Qinghai Prataculture

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划项目“青海省特色食用菌种源基地提升建设”(2019-HZ-824);青海省重点研发与转化计划项目“青海高原羊肚菌栽培稳定性提升及推广应用”(2022-QY-220)。

摘　　要：选取从西宁及周边地区栽培种植户采集的来源不同的10个羊肚菌栽培菌株(其中5个六妹羊肚菌Morchella sextelata、3个梯棱羊肚菌M.importuna和2个七妹羊肚菌M.eximia)进行18℃避光马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(Potato Dextrose Agar Medium)培养,并于长3 d、8 d、14 d分别进行拍照观察和统计分析。通过3D合成图像观察,将菌核(sclerotium)生长划分为五个阶段,分别为:(1)少量菌丝聚集缠绕;(2)大量菌丝聚集成菌丝团;(3)菌核边缘明显;(4)菌核密结生长;(5)菌核发育成熟。观察到菌丝融合,主要表现为:菌丝间相互接触并融合成网状、棒状;观察到厚垣孢子(Chlamydospore):前期为无色或棕黄色,后期变为红棕色覆于菌核上;孢子囊果形态:黄色肉质光滑球状体。实验表明,不同菌种在菌丝生长、菌丝融合、菌核发育以及厚垣孢子发育、生长时间上有差异,实验观察到的:3D成像图片和测量的数据,为羊肚菌全态性(Holomorph)认识提供资料积累。The experiment collected 10 cultivated strains of Morchella of different sources from growers in Xining and the surrounding areas(including 5 strains of Morchella sextelata,3 strains of M.importuna and 2 strains of M.eximia)for PDA culture away from light at 18℃.Photos were taken on 3 d,8 d and 14 d respectively for observation.According to 3D composite image:sclerotium growth is divided into five stages by specific data changes,namely(1)a small number of hyphae gathering and intertwining,(2)a large number of hyphae forming peloton,(3)sclerotia has distinct margins,(4)densely growing sclerotia,(5)sclerotia growing mature.Hyphal fusion is observed during mycelial growth:hyphae touch each other and integrate into the web-shape or rod-shape;chlamydospores are observed later:from colorless or bright yellow in the early stage to reddish brown over the sclerotium later;sporongiocarp appears yellow smooth spheroplast.The experiment indicates differences between the strains in mycelial growth,anastomosis,sclerotium development,chlamydospore development and growth time among different species.The observed 3D images and the measured data provide data support for the understanding of Morchella holomorph.

关 键 词：羊肚菌 菌核 菌丝融合 厚垣孢子 3D合成影像 超微结构 

分 类 号：S646.7[农业科学—蔬菜学]