基于量子电压的模数转换器性能评估  

Characterizing the Analog-to-digital Converter with Quantum Voltages

作　　者：梁起铭 韩琪娜 施杨 周琨荔 杨雁[2] 徐睿 金尚忠[1] 赵建亭[2] 屈继峰[2] LIANG Qiming;HAN Qina;SHI Yang;ZHOU Kunli;YANG Yan;XU Rui;JIN Shangzhong;ZHAO Jianting;QU Jifeng(China Jiliang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310018,China;National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China;Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学,浙江杭州310018 [2]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029 [3]哈尔滨工业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《计量学报》2024年第5期619-625,共7页Acta Metrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0603702);国家市场监督管理总局科技创新人才计划(QNBJ202301);中国计量科学研究院基本科研业务费(AKYRC2201,AKYRC2309);国家自然科学基金(51877202和61971471)。

摘　　要：相比于用传统半导体器件研制的信号源,约瑟夫森任意波形发生器合成信号的幅值可溯源至自然常数,其输出波形具有超低噪声、超低失真的优点。使用约瑟夫森任意波形发生器评估了National Instruments公司24位数字采集卡PXI 5922的性能。其中,采用零补偿波形合成方法简化系统硬件结构,并且使用高精度、多比例的感应分压器提升评估效率。首先,在10 kHz的带宽内标定了PXI 5922单通道的增益及其稳定性、信噪比、无杂散动态范围、总谐波失真、信纳比和有效位数;其次,标定了PXI 5922两通道不同相位下的相位差;最后,结合电网的谐波情况,以60 Hz的基波频率为例,标定了PXI 5922在12阶谐波以内各谐波的幅度与相位响应。约瑟夫森任意波形发生器的超高精度和宽带输出能力在评估高精度模数转换器的性能方面具有广阔的应用前景。Along with the technological progress of analog-to-digital converters,characterizing these high-precision converters becomes more challenging.Different from the conventional signal source made by semiconductor artifacts,Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer(JAWS)based on the macroscopic quantum effect can be traced to Josephson s constant,hence its waveform has ultra-low noise and ultra-low distortions.We evaluate the performance of the National Instruments 24-bit digitizer PXI 5922 by using a sophisticated inductive voltage divider combined with a JAWS which simplifies the structure with the zero-compensation method.The performance of the National Instruments 24-bit digitizer PXI 5922 is evaluated by using a Josephson arbitrary waveform generator.The zero-compensation waveform synthesis method is used to simplify the system hardware structure,and high-precision,multi-scale inductive voltage dividers are used to improve evaluation efficiency.Firstly,calibrations of the gain,stability,signal-to-noise ratio,spurious-free dynamic range,total harmonic distortion,signal-to-noise and distortion ratio,and the effective numbers of bits,are presented,where the frequencies are up to 10 kHz.Secondly,the phase differences between the two channels of PXI 5922 are calibrated.Finally,according to the harmonic characteristics of the power grid,the amplitude and phase responses of harmonics within the 12th are calibrated with the fundamental frequency of 60 Hz.With outstanding accuracy and wide bandwidth,JAWS is valuable in evaluating high-precision analog-to-digital converters.

关 键 词：电学计量 模数转换器 约瑟夫森任意波形发生器 零补偿 感应分压器 

分 类 号：TB971[一般工业技术—计量学]