主权者的两种典型存在样态:国民与人民  

Two Typical Existence Forms of Sovereign:Nationals and People

作　　者：陈楚风 Chen Chufeng

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2024年第3期90-104,共15页Law-Based Society

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“当代中国国家治理中的规范协同问题研究”(项目批准号:19ZDA155)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国民主权论与人民主权论是公法学说史上关于主权者存在形态的两种典型学说。对作为主权者的存在样态和地位采取不同理解,往往会影响到宪法中国家权力的配置。国民主权论强调作为主权者的国民是一种抽象、延续的统一体,不同于且超越了构成人民的具体个人,不等同于若干具体个人的总和。从国民主权论中,可推导出代表机关垄断国民公意表达、政治权利非固有性、独立代表制等宪制设计。与之相对立的人民主权论,则认为主权者人民是由现实中的具体个人组成的、可以区分各个构成分子的集合体。从人民主权论中,则可推导出共和制与普选制、政治权利固有性、直接民主制或作为替代品的强制委托制、行政机关相对于立法机关的从属性等宪制设计。The theory of national sovereignty and the theory of people’s sovereignty are two typical theories about the existence form of the sovereign in the history of public law.Different understandings of the existence and status of sovereignty often affect the allocation of state power in the constitution.The theory of national sovereignty emphasizes that the national as a sovereign is an abstract and continuous entity,which is different from and surpasses the specific individuals who constitute the people,and is not equivalent to the sum of several specific individuals.From the theory of national sovereignty,we can deduce the constitutional design of representative organs monopolizing the expression of national public will,the non-inherent political rights,and the independent representative system.In contrast,the theory of people’s sovereignty holds that the sovereign people are an aggregate composed of specific individuals in reality and can be distinguished from each constituent element.From the theory of people’s sovereignty,we can deduce the constitutional design of republic and universal suffrage,the inherent nature of political rights,the direct system or the compulsory entrustment system as a substitute,and the subordination of administrative organs to legislatures.

关 键 词：主权者 人民 国民主权 人民主权 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]