黑龙江省保护性耕作技术实施效果统计分析  

Statistic Analysis on the Implementation Effect of Conservation Tillage Technology in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：乔金友[1,2] 张宏彬 孙健 王星[1,2] 张一铭 曹露 陈海涛 Qiao Jinyou;Zhang Hongbin;Sun Jian;Wang Xing;Zhang Yiming;Cao Lu;Chen Haitao(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Major Crop Production Mechanization Material Technology Innovation Center,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省主要农作物生产机械化材料化技术创新中心,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第9期8-12,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家“十四五”重点研发计划子课题(2021YFD2000405-2);国家大豆产业技术体系岗位科学家任务专项(CARS-04-PS27)。

摘　　要：为跟踪东北黑土地保护性耕作行动计划实施状况,促进保护性耕作技术规范应用,对黑龙江省机械化保护性耕作技术实施情况进行抽样评估具有重要意义。为此,采用五点取样法实测调查抽样县(区)实施保护性耕作地块的保护性耕作方式、动土情况及秸秆覆盖率,调查并对比分析保护性耕作地块与相邻的非保护性耕作地块玉米株高、杂草及病虫发生情况。结果表明:黑龙江省采用免耕播种和少耕播种方式实施保护性耕作技术,在玉米生长中后期动土率低于50%的实施保护性耕作技术地块占总调研地块的75%,秸秆覆盖率大于30%的实施保护性耕作地块比例占60%;实施免耕或少耕等保护性耕作技术地块的玉米株高、杂草及病虫发生机率与相邻非保护性耕作地块差异不大,整体效果较好,尤其在遭受大风和强降雨灾害地区,实施保护性耕作技术种植的玉米抗倒伏优势明显;实施保护性耕作技术可以减少机械生产作业环节,降低农业生产成本,有效保护黑土资源,在黑龙江省具有较好的推广前景。To evaluate applied effect of mechanized conservation tillage technology in Heilongjiang province has great practical significant for tracking the implementation of the northeast black land conservation tillage action plan and improving normalized applying conservation tillage technology.The five point sampling method was used to systematically investigate the conservation tillage modes and soil removal status,straw coverage ratio,plant height,weed and diseases and pests occurrence in the conversation tillage field in selected typical counties in Heilongjiang province.It is indicated that no tillage and less tillage were widely adopted as universal conservation technology,soil removal ratio was lower than 50%,straw coverage ratio was above 30%in the late corn growth period.There were no significant difference of corn plant height,weed and disease and pests occurrence between conservation tillage field and conventional tillage field in the surveyed counties.Survey result shows conservation tillage technology in Heilongjiang province assume an ideal situation.Especially,corn plant in the conservation tillage field has more risk-resistance capacity to the strong wind and storms.There are more advantages to apply mechanized conservation tillage technology,such as reducing machinery operation times and operating costs,protecting black soil resources.Conservation tillage technology has capacious applying prospect in Heilongjiang province.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 实施效果 五点取样法 统计分析 

分 类 号：S23-9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]