体力活动水平对大学生在精神疲劳状态下工作记忆的影响研究  

Effect of Physical Activity Levels on Working Memory of College Students in a State of Mental Fatigue

作　　者：张晚霞 徐玥 冯一然 公璐璐 刘智炜 韦军[1] Zhang Wanxia;Xu Yue;Feng Yiran;Gong Lulu;Liu Zhiwei;Wei Jun(Guangxi College of Sports Education,Nanning 530000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广西体育高等专科学校,广西南宁530000 [2]北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院,北京100084 [3]武汉体育学院运动医学学院,湖北武汉430079 [4]广西南宁市云海篮球俱乐部运动科学与营养研究中心,广西南宁530000

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2024年第5期172-175,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：2024年度广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目“体力活动影响大学生精神疲劳状态下执行功能的机制研究”(项目编号:2024KY0962);2021年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目“基于fNIRS评价不同体力活动水平大学生在精神疲劳状态下的注意力差异”(项目编号:20212071)。

摘　　要：目的:探究不同体力活动水平大学生在精神疲劳状态下的工作记忆能力差异。方法:通过国际体力活动短问卷(IPAQ),分组招募低、中、高3组不同体力活动水平的健康大学生,每组各16人。使用视觉模拟疲劳量表(VAS)对被试的疲劳状态进行评估后采用stroop任务进行精神疲劳造模。造模后,使用VAS和多维疲劳量表(MFI-20)对被试的疲劳状态进行评估;使用记忆广度实验检测被试的记忆容量,使用N-back实验测试被试的工作记忆能力。结果:配对样本t检验发现造模前后的VAS评分有显著差异,疲劳造模有效(95%CI:-40.69~29.77,P<0.001)。各组间MFI-20的躯体疲劳维度评分[F(2,45)=4.19,P=0.021]与动力下降维度评分[F(2,45)=3.71,P=0.032]存在显著差异。体力活动水平与躯体疲劳维度评分(r=-0.392,P=0.006)、动力下降维度评分(r=-0.295,P=0.042)存在负相关关系。结论:大学生在进行高负荷认知任务后产生的主观疲劳感与其体力活动水平存在一定的联系,长期维持较高的体力活动水平可以减少大学生主观上的躯体疲劳程度和动力下降程度;在大学生人群中,不同的水平体力活动水平不影响其在精神疲劳状态下的工作记忆能力。OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study is to further refine the investigation into the influence of dferent levels of physical activity on working memory capacity in college students under conditions of mental fatigue.METHODS:The study employed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ)to recruit a sample of healthy college students categorized into three groups based on their levels of physical activity:low,moderate,and high.Each group consisted of 16 participants.The participants'fatigue levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)before and after the induction of mental fatigue through the Stroop task.The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory(MFI-20)was utilized to evaluate the participants'fatigue levels.Memory capacity was measured using the Memory Span task,while working memory ability was assessed using the N-back task.RESULTS:Paired sample t-tests revealed a significant difference in VAS scores before and after the induction of mental fatigue,indicating the successful induction of fatigue(95%CI:-40.69 to 29.77,P<0.001).Significant differences were observed among the groups in the physical fatigue dimension scores(F(2,45)=4.19,P=0.021)and reduced activity dimension scores(F(2,45)=3.71,P=0.032)of the MFI-20.Negative correlations were found between physical activity levels and scores in the physical fatigue dimension(r=-0.392,P=0.006)and reduced activity dimension(r=-0.295,P=0.042).CONCLUSION:The subjective fatigue experienced by college students after engaging in high cognitive load tasks is influenced by their level of physical activity.Sustaining higher levels of physical activity can reduce subjective physical fatigue and decreased activity levels in college students.However,the level of physical activity does not appear to affect working memory ability in college students under conditions of mental fatigue.

关 键 词：体力活动 大学生 精神疲劳 工作记忆 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]