体育设施多维度时空供需匹配与优化——以北京市石景山区为例  

Demand-supply Matching and Sports Facilities Optimization with Multiple Space-temporal Dimensions:Shijingshan District,Beijing

作　　者：崔喆 何莲娜[1] 吴兰若 夏泽涵 张晓东[1,4,5] CUI Zhe;HE Lianna;WU Lanruo;XAI Zehan;ZHANG Xiaodong

机构地区：[1]北京市城市规划设计研究院数字技术规划中心 [2]北京城垣数字科技有限责任公司数据科学部 [3]北京城垣数字科技有限责任公司 [4]清华大学 [5]北京市城市规划设计研究院科技委

出　　处：《规划师》2024年第5期58-67,共10页Planners

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3804802)。

摘　　要：体育设施的时间属性较强,时空供需失配较严重,需从时空间行为角度对其时空供需匹配进行分析。构建包含总量、时间、空间、项目“1+3”层面的体育设施时空供需匹配程度分析与优化研究框架,提出基于多源数据的体育设施时空供应量测度方法、基于居民体育生活方式的体育运动总量和分项目需求测度与供需匹配分析方法、基于手机信令活动特征的分时段需求测度与供需匹配分析方法、基于循环两步移动搜索法的分空间单元供需匹配分析方法、开放内部体育设施的潜在收益模拟测算方法。使用上述方法对北京市石景山区的体育设施供需匹配进行分析。分析结果显示,该区的人均公共体育用地指标虽已高于《北京城市总体规划(2016年—2035年)》目标,但体育设施时空供需总量,以及分时间段、分空间单元、分项目类型的时空供需间均存在缺口,缺口分别为需求总量的10.3%、16.7%、31.7%、38.3%。在分时间层面,缺口分布在一早一晚,且晨间缺口大于晚间缺口;在分空间层面,新开发区域供给缺口较大;在分项目层面,“三小球”的缺口最大,“三大球”次之。不同程度地开放学校体育设施可弥补总量33%~85%的缺口。The demand-supply of sports facilities is largely affected by space and temporal characters and shall be analyzed from people's space-temporal behavior.A research framework for the demand-supply matching analysis and optimization of sports facilities is proposed including total amount,time,space and projects,and a set of analysis methods are proposed:the total amount measurement based on multi-sourced data,the demand-supply matching analysis based on people's sports activities,the measurement of needs at different time periods based on cellular signaling,the demand-supply matching of different spatial units based on cyclic 2SFCA,and the simulation and calculation of potential benefits of operational sports facilities.With Shijingshan district of Beijing as an example,the analysis results show that although its sports facility index per capita is higher than planned,gaps between space-temporal demand-supply exist in all four dimensions(total amount,time periods,space units and item types),which are 10.3%,16.7%,31.7%and 38.3% of the total demand respectively.At the time level,the gaps are in the morning and evening,and the gap in the morning is larger than in the evening;in terms of space,there is a large supply gap in newly developed area;at the project level,the gap of ping-pong,badminton,and tennis is the largest,followed by football,basketball and volleyball.Opening school sports facilities may reduce 33%~85% of the gap.

关 键 词：体育设施 时空间行为 时空供需 循环两步移动搜索法 手机信令 北京市石景山区 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]