热辅助吸油材料快速吸附高黏度原油研究现状  

Research status of rapid adsorption of high viscosity crude oil by thermally assisted oil absorption materials

作　　者：杨昕 李发学[1,2] 王学利 俞建勇[1,2] 张瑞云 高婷婷[1,2] YANG Xin;LI Faxue;WANG Xueli;YU Jianyong;ZHANG Ruiyun;GAO Tingting(College of Textiles,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学纺织学院,上海201620 [2]东华大学纺织科技创新中心,上海201620

出　　处：《东华大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期1-9,共9页Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2232023G-01);国家自然科学基金(52003045)。

摘　　要：溢油处理不当会给生态环境和生物健康带来巨大危害,传统的溢油清理方法存在成本高、二次污染等问题。热辅助吸油材料能够实现对高黏度原油的快速吸附。总结热辅助吸油材料的设计策略,包括改善疏水性/亲油性、增强毛细作用力和增加热效应(焦耳加热、光热转换、磁加热),并从热量转换、热传递及溢油吸附机制三方面阐述其吸油机制。热辅助吸油材料主要以商业化海绵和气凝胶为载体,通过蒸馏、挤压、泵吸等方法回收溢油。4种热辅助吸油材料中:焦耳加热型应在较小电压下快速提升温度以提高安全性;太阳能型存在明显限制,如升温速率较慢、加热均匀度有限、极易受气象条件影响;磁加热型研究得较少,面向实际应用时存在挑战;复合型中太阳能辅助和焦耳加热辅助的结合最为常见。未来,还需提高热辅助吸油材料的热响应能力,以及重复利用性和可回收性。The improper treatment of crude oil spills will cause great harm to the ecological environment and biological health.Traditional oil spill clean-up methods have problems such as high cost and secondary pollution.Adsorption material is an effective and environmentally friendly oil spill cleaning material,but ordinary adsorption material can only clean up low-viscosity crude oil,and its performance in cleaning high-viscosity crude oil is poor.Thermal-assisted oil absorption material can realize the achieve rapid adsorption of high-viscosity crude oil.Firstly,the design and preparation of crude oil adsorption materials,as well as the oil absorption mechanism of thermal-assisted oil absorption materials,are described.Secondly,the properties and application scenarios of various thermal-assisted oil absorption materials are reviewed.Finally,future development,challenges,and prospects of thermal-assisted oil absorption materials are discussed.The design strategies of thermally assisted oil absorption materials were summarized,including improving hydrophobicity/lipophilicity,enhancing capillary force and increasing thermal effect(Joule heating,photothermal conversion,magnetic heating).The oil absorption mechanism was elaborated from three aspects,namely,heat conversion,heat transfer and oil spill adsorption mechanism.The materials are mainly commercialized sponges and aerogels as carriers to recover crude oil through distillation,extrusion,pumping,etc.Among the four types of thermally assisted oil absorption materials:Joule-heating type needs rapidly raise the temperature at a small voltage to improve safety;there are obvious limitations in solar-type,such as slow warming rate,limited heating uniformity,and highly susceptible to the influence of meteorological conditions;magnetic-heating type is less studied and has challenges in practical application;the combination of solar-assisted and Joule-heating-assisted is common in the composite type.The thermal responsiveness,reusability and recyclability of thermally assisted

关 键 词：多孔吸附材料 原油清理 焦耳加热 光热转换 磁加热 

分 类 号：TQ424[化学工程]