中国南北方植物对土壤加固机制的差异性  

Differential mechanisms of soil reinforcement by plants in Northern and Southern China

作　　者：王丹[1] 马超[2,3] 王云琦[2,3] 王玉杰[2] 吕柏伟 徐淑蕾 朱锦奇 WANG Dan;MA Chao;WANG Yunqi;WANG Yujie;LYU Bowei;XU Shulei;ZHU Jinqi(Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization,School of Resources and Environment,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Three-Gorges Reservoir Area Chongqing Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 100083,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Chongqing,Beijing 100083,China;Shanxi Environmental Protection Institute Of Transport Co(Ltd),Taiyuan 030032,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学流域碳中和教育部工程研究中心,江西生态文明研究院,资源与环境学院,南昌330031 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,重庆三峡库区森林生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院,重庆缙云山三峡库区森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083 [4]山西省交通环境保护中心站(有限公司),太原030032

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第8期98-106,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然基金青年科学基金“植物根系生长动态力学和水文固土护坡耦合机理研究”(32201626)。

摘　　要：为深入分析植物对土壤加固的影响效益和机制,该研究选取重庆缙云山地区和陕西延安黄土丘陵区种植一年的乔木(火炬树、榆树)和灌木(荆条、酸枣),测定其根系形态、力学参数和土壤的抗剪强度,通过RBMw模型计算根系固土效益,综合评估不同植物的固土效能和贡献度。结果表明:2地种植的物种平均根直径的差异不显著(P>0.05),重庆种植的乔木(火炬树、榆树)的根长、分叉数和根尖数显著高于延安,灌木未出现显著差异(P<0.05)。根系的抗拉强度与直径都符合负幂函数关系,其中平均抗拉强度最大的为荆条。除荆条外,同种植物根系的抗拉强度并未因不同地区的种植产生显著差异。4个植物种根系的固土效率为0.65~4.12 kPa,各物种间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。重庆2种乔木种植下的根土复合体有效黏聚力高于裸地(约10%),灌木种植下则普遍略低于裸地。除酸枣外,种植于重庆的4种植物的根系固土作用和效率都显著的高于延安(P<0.05)。研究结果可为不同地区固土护坡的树种选择提供理论依据。This study aims to compare the impact mechanisms of soil reinforcement by plants in the Jinyun Mountain area of Chongqing and the loess hilly area of Yan'an City,Shanxi Province,China.A systematic analysis was performed on the root morphological and soil mechanical parameters of trees(Rhus typhina and Ulmus pumila)and shrubs(Vitex negundo and Ziziphus jujuba).Four species were then selected to determine the soil shear strength.The RBMw model was employed to calculate the soil reinforcement benefits provided by these plants.The soil reinforcement of different plant species was evaluated to explore the components and contributions of soil reinforcement benefits.The results showed that:1)The V.negundo shared the largest values for the root length per unit root volume,total root surface area,number of root forks,and root tips,while the R.typhina was the smallest values among the four species.There were no significant differences in the average root diameter of the four species.Moreover,the root length,number of root forks,and number of root tips of the R.typhina and U.pumila planted in Chongqing were significantly higher than those in Yan'an.While the V.negundo and R.typhina showed no significant differences.2)The root tensile strength was inversely related to the root diameter in a power-law function.The V.negundo shared the highest average tensile strength.There was no significant difference of tensile strength of roots from the same plant species between different regions.By contrast,the V.negundo roots exhibited the higher tensile strength in Chongqing,compared with Yan'an.3)The root systems of the four plant species were provided soil reinforcement efficiencies ranging from 0.65 to 4.12 kPa,with the significant differences among species.Among individual plants,V.negundo in Chongqing exhibited the highest soil reinforcement effects,while Z.jujuba was the lowest in Yan'an.The highest soil reinforcement efficiency was observed in the R.typhina in Chongqing,whereas,the lowest was found in the U.pumila in Yan'an.The

关 键 词：土壤 根系 植物 抗拉特性 抗剪强度 综合固土能力 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]