塔里木河上游棉区土壤盐分与速效养分的空间分布及相关关系  

Spatial distribution and correlation of soil salinity and available nutrients in cotton area of upper reaches of Tarim River

作　　者：刘昭雪 高志建[4] 白新禄 张宝月 杨莉莉 支金虎[1,2,3] LIU Zhaoxue;GAO Zhijian;BAI Xinlu;ZHANG Baoyue;YANG Lili;ZHI Jinhu(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production of Characteristic Crops in Arid Areas of Southern Xinjiang,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China;Southern Xinjiang Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Center,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China;Institute of Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]南疆干旱区特色作物遗传改良与高效生产兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]南疆绿洲农业资源与环境研究中心,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与水土保持研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第3期206-213,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260807);塔里木大学校长基金创新团队项目(TDZKCX202301)。

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化已成为制约塔里木河上游棉田生产的主要障碍因子。为查明塔里木河上游棉田土壤盐分现状以及盐分与土壤速效养分之间的关系,建立盐渍化土壤合理施肥理论标准,提高盐渍化土壤棉花生产能力,采用克里金插值、相关性分析等方法对研究区棉田土壤盐分与速效养分的累积量、分布规律及其相关关系进行研究。结果表明:塔里木河上游棉区棉田0~200 cm土层土壤全盐、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别为1.17~2.44 g·kg^(-1)、18.9~65.1 mg·kg^(-1)、1.3~31.2 mg·kg^(-1)、64.9~107.9 mg·kg^(-1)。其中,盐分离子主要以Ca^(2+)、Na^(+)和SO^(2-)_(4)为主,0~40 cm土壤硝态氮、速效钾含量与全盐含量呈显著正相关关系,且0~40 cm土壤硝态氮、速效钾含量与全盐含量空间分布较为一致,说明施肥可以影响塔里木河上游棉田土壤盐分含量。因此,建议在生产过程中应合理施肥,以避免加重土壤盐渍化问题。Soil salt has become an important obstacle factor restricting the upstream cotton field production of the Tarim River.To find out the status quo of the salt in the soil in the upper reaches of the upstream of the Tarim River,the relationship between salt and soil available nutrients and the theoretical standard for salted soil fertilization were established.The production capacity of salt-stained soil cotton was used.Methods studied the accumulation,distribution rules and related relationships of cumulative nutrients in the research area and available nutrients.The results showed that the contents of soil salinity,nitrate nitrogen,and available phosphorus and available potassium in the cotton field of the upper reaches of Tarim River were 1.17~2.44 g·kg^(-1),18.9~65.1 mg·kg^(-1),1.3~31.2 mg·kg^(-1)and 64.9~107.9 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Among them,the salt separators were mainly Ca^(2+),Na^(+) and SO^(2-)_(4),and the nitrate nitrogen and available potassium contents of 0~40 cm soil were positively correlated with the total salt content,and the spatial distribution of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium content in 0~40 cm soil was relatively consistent,indicating that fertilization could affect the soil salt content in the upper reaches of the Tarim River.Therefore,it is recommended that fertilization should be applied reasonably during the production process to avoid aggravating the problem of soil salinization.

关 键 词：盐分离子 硝态氮 速效钾 速效磷 空间分布 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程]