轴流弓齿式食葵脱粒装置设计与试验  

Design and trial of axial bow-tooth sunflower threshing device

作　　者：杨星宇 李斌[1] 王士国[1] 刘洋[1] 董云成 刘向新[1] YANG Xingyu;LI Bin;WANG Shiguo;LIU Yang;DONG Yuncheng;LIU Xiangxin(Institute of Mechanical Equipment,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第3期287-298,共12页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区兵团重点领域科技攻关项目(2021AB001)。

摘　　要：针对现今食葵脱粒过程中普遍存在的脱粒不完全和籽粒易受损等问题,设计一种针对食葵收获机脱粒的轴流弓齿式食葵脱粒装置,并对葵盘在脱粒装置中的受力情况进行分析。借助离散元仿真软件EDEM对食葵盘在滚筒内部的轴向速度、轴向位移以及运动路径进行分析。通过单因素试验获得了含水率、滚筒转速以及喂入量等因素对籽粒破损率及未脱净率的影响规律。根据单因素试验结果,以含水率、滚筒转速以及喂入量作为试验因素,以食葵未脱净率和破损率作为评价指标进行正交试验,利用Design expert对试验结果进行了方差分析,建立了影响因素与评价指标的回归模型,明确了各因素对滚筒实际工作效果的影响程度。基于响应曲面法,以低破损率和未脱净率为目标,对含水率、滚筒转速以及喂入量进行多目标寻优求解,得到最佳作业参数组合,即含水率22%、喂入量1.45 kg·s^(-1)、滚筒转速318 r·min^(-1)。为了确保参数组合的可靠性,对最佳参数组合进行验证试验,结果显示,籽粒未脱净率0.51%、破损率0.67%,满足我国机械行业标准。To resolve problems of inadequate threshing of anemone,easy breakage of seeds of threshing drum,a bow-tooth axial flow threshing anemone harvester threshing device for anemone threshing was designed.The dynamic analysis of the force on the sunflower disc in the threshing drum was carried out.The discrete element simulation software EDEM was used to analyze the speed and displacement of the axial movement of the sunflower disc as well as the trajectory of the movement.The effects of water content,drum speed and feeding amount on the seed breakage rate and the unthreshed rate were obtained through a one-factor test.Based on the results of the single-factor test,an orthogonal test was carried out with water content,drum speed and feeding amount as test factors,and the undetached rate and breakage rate of anemone as evaluation indexes.The results were analyzed by analysis of variance with the help of Design expert to establish the regression model of the influencing factors and the evaluation indexes.Based on the response surface method,the multi-objective optimization of water content,drum speed and feeding volume was carried out with low breakage rate and uncleaned rate as the target.The optimal combination of operating parameters was obtained with water content of 22%,feeding volume of 1.45 kg·s^(-1),and drum speed of 318 r·min^(-1).Validation tests were carried out with the optimized combination of parameters.The results showed that the seed was cleaned up to 0.51%,and the breakage rate was 0.67%,meeting the requirements of China’s mechanical engineering industry.

关 键 词：食葵 脱粒滚筒 弓齿 参数优化 

分 类 号：S226.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]