蝙蝠核心生物钟基因Per1昼夜表达节律与适应性进化研究  

The circadian expression rhythms and adaptive evolution of the core circadian clock gene Per1 in bats

作　　者：王慧 许宁宁 李昕彤 冯江 WANG Hui;XU Ningning;LI Xintong;FENG Jiang(College of Life Science,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130117,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学生命科学学院,长春130118 [2]东北师范大学,吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室,长春130117

出　　处：《兽类学报》2024年第3期259-267,共9页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32371561);2022年国家级全国大学生创新创业项目。

摘　　要：长期以来,生物钟相关研究一直是生命科学领域的热点话题。以往研究表明核心生物钟基因Per1广泛参与哺乳动物昼夜节律调控。然而,Per1基因在具有不同昼夜节律活动模式的哺乳动物中是否发生了遗传位点改变,以及这些改变是否促进了哺乳动物昼夜活动模式的形成和稳定仍有待研究。本研究通过荧光定量PCR、基因克隆测序与分子进化分析方法,对核心生物钟基因Per1开展了深入的分子进化分析,明确了Per1基因在夜行性蝙蝠脑区的昼夜振荡规律,由休息状态到睡眠状态对应着Per1基因表达量的由高到低,睡眠状态的表达量最低,而由觉醒状态到活动状态对应着Per1基因表达量的持续升高,与Per1基因维持中枢生物钟调控功能高度相关;检测到Per1基因序列上的15个潜在受正选择位点与2个显著受正选择位点,其中在夜行性动物中检测到的显著受正选择的1118A氨基酸位点恰好位于该基因编码蛋白的功能域上;通过滑窗分析结果显示,Per1基因在夜行性哺乳动物中的进化速率均普遍高于其在日行性哺乳动物中的进化速率,可能促进了哺乳动物夜行性活动模式的形成和稳定。本研究为深入理解哺乳动物自身稳态维持与适应环境周期性变化的关键分子基础提供新的认知,为生物钟相关研究提供思路和参考。For a long time,research on circadian clock has been a hot topic in the field of life science.Previous studies have shown that the core clock gene Per1 is widely involved in the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythms.However,limited understanding of the adaptive sites evolved in the sequence of Per1 gene.And whether these adaptive alterations may promote the formation and stabilization of mammalian diurnal activity patterns remains to be investigated.In this study,we conducted in-depth molecular evolution analyses of the core clock gene Per1 through the real-time quantitative PCR,gene cloning sequencing and molecular evolution analysis.We have identified the circadian oscillation patterns of Per1 gene expressed in the brain of bats,from rest state to sleep state corresponding with the expression level of Per1 gene changed from high to low,and the sleep state showing the lowest expression level,while from wake state to active state,its expression level increased continuously,which was highly correlated with the maintenance of the central biological clock regulation function of Per1 gene.There were 15 potential and 2 significant positively selected sites were detected on the Per1 gene sequence,and one of the significant positively selected sites,1118A amino acid site detected in nocturnal animals was found to be located on the functional domain of the gene encoded protein sequence.We also found that the evolution rate of Per1 gene in nocturnal mammals was generally higher than that in diurnal mammals,indicating that the core clock gene Per1 experienced strong selective pressures during the evolution of nocturnal mam‐mals,further promoted the formation and stabilization of nocturnal activity patterns in mammals.This study provides a new understanding of the key molecular basis of mammalian homeostasis maintenance and adaptation to the periodically changing environmental conditions,and provides ideas and references for circadian clock related studies.

关 键 词：生物钟 夜行性哺乳动物 Per1基因 昼夜节律 适应性进化 

分 类 号：Q346.7[生物学—遗传学]