高原鼠兔发情周期性激素与性器官变化特征  

Characteristics of sex hormone level and sex organ histology in estrus cycle of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)

作　　者：王玉军 张晓茜 方有贵 杨其恩 贾功雪 WANG Yujun;ZHANG Xiaoqian;FANG Yougui;YANG Qien;JIA Gongxue(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Maduo Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Service Center,Guoluo 813599,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]玛多县农牧综合服务中心,果洛813599 [4]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室,西宁810001

出　　处：《兽类学报》2024年第3期351-359,共9页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31700341);中国科学院-青海省人民政府三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-01);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2021432);青海省“昆仑英才”·高端创新创业人才。

摘　　要：为研究雌性高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)的发情表征变化及其与性激素含量、生殖器官发育之间的关系,选取繁殖期与非繁殖期雌性高原鼠兔,通过外阴形态观察与阴道细胞涂片检测阴道的周期性变化,确定繁殖期鼠兔的发情周期在7~11 d,发情期持续3~4 d,而非繁殖期鼠兔的阴道维持在接近发情前期的状态。采集发情期、发情间期与非繁殖期雌性高原鼠兔的血清与尿液样本,使用酶联免疫吸附法检测雌二醇和孕酮含量。结果显示,发情期高原鼠兔血清雌二醇含量显著高于发情间期与非繁殖期(P=0.0338),而非繁殖期血清孕酮含量显著高于发情期与发情间期(P=0.0195)。尿液检测的灵敏度整体弱于血清,仅在发情期与非繁殖期间存在尿液雌二醇含量的显著差异(P=0.0009)。发情期卵巢重量极显著高于发情间期与非繁殖期(P<0.0001),且发情间期卵巢重量也显著高于非繁殖期(P=0.0072)。苏木精-伊红染色显示,高原鼠兔卵巢在发情期以有腔卵泡为主,在发情间期则同时分布次级卵泡、有腔卵泡与黄体,而在非繁殖期卵巢皮质区分布有大量的原始与初级卵泡。高原鼠兔子宫内膜、肌层与外膜三层结构区分明显,发情期子宫内膜较厚,固有层分布大量腺体,外膜区域血管丰富;发情间期子宫腺体与血管数量均大幅减少;非繁殖期子宫明显退化,内膜上皮变薄,腺体与血管基本消失。本研究确定了阴道细胞涂片法在高原鼠兔发情阶段判定中的有效性,描述了不同发情阶段高原鼠兔性激素与性器官变化特征,为雌性高原鼠兔季节性繁殖调控机制研究提供了重要基础数据。In order to study the phenotypic change of estrus in female plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)and its relationship with sex hormone level and reproductive organ development,plateau pikas in breeding period and non-breeding period were selected for our experiment.The periodic vaginal changes were detected by vulvar morphological observation and vaginal smear,and the result showed that the estrus cycle of breeding pika was between 7 and 11 days and the oestrus stage lasted 3 to 4 days,while the vaginal state of non-breeding pika was close to proestrus stage.The serum and urine samples of pikas from oestrus,dioestrus and non-breeding periods were collected,and the concentrations of estradi‐ol and progesterone were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The serum estradiol content of oestrus pika was significantly higher than those of dioestrus and non-breeding pikas(P=0.0338),while the serum progesterone content of non-breeding pika was significantly higher than those of oestrus and dioestrus pikas(P=0.0195).The sensitivity of urine detection was weaker than serum detection,and the difference was only found in the urine estradiol between oestrus and non-breeding periods(P=0.0009).The ovarian weight of oestrus pika was significantly higher than those of dioestrus and non-breeding pikas(P<0.0001),and the ovarian weight of dioestrus pika was also significantly higher than that of non-breeding pika(P=0.0072).Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the oestrus ovary was mainly composed of antral follicles,the dioestrus ovary contained secondary follicle,antral follicle and corpus luteum.Additionally,there were large amounts of primordial and primary follicles in the non-breeding ovary.There were three distinct layers in the uterus of plateau pika,including endometrium,myometrium and perimetrium.At the oestrus period,the endometrium was thicker and the glands and blood vessels were abundant;at the dioestrus period,the numbers of glands and blood vessels were dramatically reduced;at the non-breeding period,the ut

关 键 词：高原鼠兔 发情周期 阴道脱落细胞 雌二醇 卵巢 子宫 

分 类 号：Q494[生物学—生理学]