权力概念的法学定位——兼论全球化时代的法益分析范式  

The Legal Positioning of the Concept of Power——Concurrently on the paradigm of legal interest analysis in the era of globalization

作　　者：胡平仁[1] HU Ping-ren(Faculty of Law,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410012,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410012

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期56-66,共11页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“社会主义核心价值观与国家荣誉、纪念、庆典法治建设的研究”(17AHJ002);教育部基地重大项目“新时代中国特色人权保护和发展模式对人权理论的发展研究”(22JJD820047)。

摘　　要：“right”形同实异的一词多义现象,囿于宽泛的“能力”说,只看到权力和权利的共同性而无视其根本差异,权力和权利在一定条件下的可相互转换性,导致人们长期以来误把“权力”混同或归属于“权利”。法律思维的日益精细和法律观念的不断分化;“把权力关在制度笼子里”的政治诉求和政治共识;作为现代法治灵魂的“权利本位论”,唯有在“权力”独立于“权利”以及“权利—权力—义务—责任”四位一体的思维坐标中才能凸显其真正的意义和精髓;这些因素决定了权力概念成为法学独立范畴的必要性。萨尔蒙德和霍菲尔德的分析法学图式,虽然有些琐碎和似是而非,但第一次系统梳理了法律分析及法学研究的核心范畴,较为充分地区分了“权力”和“权利”,初步意识到“法益”的本体地位,从而为我们构建全球化时代的法益分析范式奠定了基础。如果说现象层面的“权利—权力—义务—责任”的分析方法主要服务于法律实务,那么深究法律本体、相对繁复的法益分析范式,则主要着眼于法学的体系性学理建设及其逻辑自洽检验。Owing to the phenomenon of polysemy with the term“right”identical in form but different in substance contextually,and confined by the broad interpretation of“capacity”,people often only perceive the commonality between power and rights while overlooking their disparities.The interchangeability of power and rights under certain conditions has led to a long-standing misconception,with“power”being erroneously conflated or ascribed to“rights”.The increasing refinement of legal thinking and,the continuous differentiation of legal concepts,the political demand and consensus to confine power in institutional cages,as the soul of modern rule of law,the essence of modern rule of law embodied in“rights-based principle”can only truly manifest their significance and essence when“power”is recognized as independent from“rights”and embedded within a fourfold framework of“right—power—duty—responsibility”.These factors determine the necessity for the concept of power to become an independent category of law.The analytical legal schema of Salmond and Hohfeld,although somewhat trivial and paradoxical,for the first time systematically sorted out the core categories of legal analysis and research,more adequately distinguishing“power”and“rights”,and initially realizing the ontological status of“legal interest”,thus laying the foundation for us to construct a paradigm of legal interest analysis in the era of globalization.If the analysis method of“right—power—obligation—responsibility”mainly serves legal practice,then delving into the legal ontology and the relatively complex analysis paradigm of legal interest mainly focuses on the systematic theoretical construction and logical self-consistency testing of Jurisprudence.

关 键 词：权力 权利 分析法学图式 法益分析范式 

分 类 号：DF0[政治法律—法学理论]