江西萍乡赣语“等”的多功能用法及其语法化演变  

The Multi-Functional Usages and Grammaticalization of“Deng”in Gan Dialect of Pingxiang,Jiangxi Province

作　　者：袁鑫 陈山青 YUAN Xin;CHEN Shan-qing(School of Literature and Journalism,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学文学与新闻学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期143-151,共9页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“语言接触视域下湖南东部湘、赣语过渡地带方言语法研究”(21BYY074);湖南省社科基金重大项目“湖南方言口传文化采辑及语料库建设研究”(20ZDAJ011);湖南省社科基金重点项目“湘方言虚词及其语法化研究”(19ZDB026);汪涵个人基金资助项目“湖南方言调查‘響應’计划”;湖南省研究生科研创新项目“萍乡方言体貌助词研究”(CX20210589)。

摘　　要：江西萍乡赣语中的“等”具有多功能性,除了存在普通话和汉语方言中相同的实词和时间指示词、被动介词用法外,还发现有给予义动词、处置介词和置换假设标记等三种特殊用法,前两种鲜见于汉语方言,后一种则是首次报道。“等”的语法化源头是等待义动词,由等待义发展出允让义的直接动因和机制是“等待-让渡”的隐喻认知,语义演变阶段中的使役义、给予义动词,以及被动、处置介词和置换假设标记用法都直接或间接从允让义发展而来。In the Gan dialect of Pingxiang,Jiangxi Province,the versatile particle“等(deng)”exhibits polyfunctionality.In addition to its common usages as a notional word,a temporal indicator,and passive marker in Mandarin and other Chinese dialects,it is found that it has three other unique usages,including its role as a verb semantically meaning bestowal,a disposal preposition,and a marker for hypothetical substitution.The first two of its newfound usages are rarely seen in other Chinese dialects,and the last usage is reported for the first time.The grammaticalization trajectory of“deng”traces back to its origin as a verb signifying“waiting”,and the metaphorical cognition of“waiting leading to transferring”is the direct motivation and mechanism for its semantic development from the meaning of waiting to allowing(or handing over)and the stages of semantical evolution comprising its meaning as a causative verb,conveying bestowal,along with its usages as a passive,dispositional preposition,and a hypothetical substitution marker,which all directly or indirectly derive from the meaning of allowing to give.

关 键 词：萍乡赣语 “等” 给予义 被动-处置介词 置换假设标记 语法化 

分 类 号：H174[语言文字—汉语]