民间借贷利率司法管制上限的检视与重构——以对中小企业融资的影响为切入  

On Judicial Control Limits on Interest Rates for Private Lending:Implications for Financing of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

作　　者：刘德龙 LIU De-long(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《湖北第二师范学院学报》2024年第5期61-65,共5页Journal of Hubei University of Education

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重点项目“《民法典》适用中的国家利益保护问题研究”(20AFX016)。

摘　　要：实施4倍LPR上限旨在调低借贷利率,降低中小企业综合融资成本。但LPR自公布以来整体呈现下降态势,且有进一步下调空间,现有利率上限低于我国长期历史利率与市场平均利率,其“一刀切”的规制模式亦忽略了民间借贷的多元性,由此引发的金融抑制效应可能造成借贷资金供给减少,进而加剧中小企业的融资困境。分类调整可以优化现有的司法管制模式,区分生产经营类借贷与生活消费类借贷,适度放松对前者的管制以缓解借贷人“惜贷”的情况;基于利息期限结构的特征区分短期、中期和长期借贷,允许5年以上的长期借贷准用5年期4倍LPR的上限。通过实现司法管制的精细化与差异化,弥补因4倍LPR上限调整方式给中小企业融资所造成的负面溢出效应。The implementation of the quadruple upper limit of the LPR seeks to mitigate lending rates and alleviate overall financing burdens for SMEs.However,since its announcement,there has been a consistent downward trajectory,signaling potential for further reduction.Notably,the existing interest rate ceiling falls below China's historical rates and market averages.Yet,a generalized regulatory framework neglects the intricacies of private lending,potentially inducing financial repression and worsening SME financing challenges by constraining loan availability.A nuanced classification adjustment could optimize the current judicial regulatory framework by discerning between production and consumer loans,thereby marginally easing restrictions on the former to stimulate borrowing.Moreover,categorizing loans based on their term structures could enable the application of the quadruple LPR upper limit to long-term loans exceeding five years.Through the refinement of judicial regulation,adverse spillover effects on SME financing stemming from adjustments to the quadruple LPR upper limit can be alleviated.

关 键 词：民间借贷 利率上限 利息理论 中小企业融资 

分 类 号：D923.3[政治法律—民商法学]